微生物题库(英文).doc

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1、Test1:DevelopmentofMicrobiology■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)1.Thefundamentalunitofalllivingorganismsisthe:■.membrane■.cell■.nucleus■.cellwall2.Organismsthatdonotcontainatruenucleusarereferredtoas:■.fungi■.eukaryotic■.prokaryotic■.nankaryotic3.Thethreekin

2、gdomclassificationsystemoforganismswasproposedby:■.Pasteur■.Bacon■.Winogradsky■.Woese4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycan.■.chitin■.phospholipid■.protein■.

3、glucosamine5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:■.Ehrlich■.Metchnikoff■.Leewenhoek■.Lister6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeaccomplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms.Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibioticiscreditedto:■.Lister■.Fleming■.Ehrlich■.Koch7.T

4、heterm"antibiotic"means:■.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms■.asubstanceproducedbymicro

5、organismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells8.ThefirstdocumenteduseofavaccineforsmallpoxwasreportedbytheEnglishphysician:■.Lister■.Florey■.Fleming■.Jenner9.Activeimmunitycanbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:■.developmentofantibodiesinone'

6、sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens■.Flemingdevelopmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'sownbody■.developmentofantigensinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodie

7、s10.TheprocessofnitrificationbybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts:■.ammoniatonitrateions■.nitrateionstoammonia■.N2toammonia■.ammoniatourea11.ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvectorisreferredtoas:■.electroporation■.conjugation

8、■.transformation■.transduction12.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:■.RNA■.DNA■.protein■.lipid■FillintheBlank1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled_______2.Bacteriadonothaveatruen