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1、OralandNasalVowelsbyFernandaL.Ferreira,Ph.D.ThevowelsystemofPortugueseisalittlemorecomplexthanthatofItalianorSpanish,whichcouldbeconsidered“phonetic”languages(whatyouseeiswhatyouget).TherearetwelvedistinctvowelsoundsinPortuguese,includingoralandnasalvowels.Oralvowelsarewha
2、tEnglishspeakersarenormallyfamiliarwith,andnasalvowelsarepartiallyproducedwiththenasaltract.Thedifferencebetweenavowelandaconsonantisthatvowelsareproducedwithoutobstructionsfromthevocaltract,withairflowingfreelyandsomeminorconstrictionofthelipsoropeningofthemouth.Consonant
3、s,ontheotherhand,areproducedbytheinterplayofairflowandobstructionsproducedbythelips,teeth,orthebackofthethroat,aswellasotherpartsofthevocalandnasaltract.ThefollowingisadetailedaccountofthevowelsinPortuguese.TRACK12TheVowelATypeEnglishWordPortugueseExamplesStressedfather,co
4、tgarfo(fork),caro(expensive)Unstressedtubaporta(door),filha(daughter)Nasalbeforenasalconsonantsorwithtildebanho(bath),irmã(sister)TheVowelETypeEnglishWordContextPortugueseExamplesOpennetwrittenwiththeacuteécafé(coffee)Closedwrittenwithacircumflexêpêssego(peach)Longermeatth
5、eendofawordfilme(movie)atendofone-syllablewordde(of);e(and)Nasalbeforenasalconsonantssenha(code),bem(well)TheVowelITypeEnglishWordContextPortugueseExamplesLongerseeattheendofsyllablesaí(Ileft),país(country),raiz(root)Shortersayattheendofthewordpai(father),leite(milk)Nasalb
6、eforenasalconsonantstinha(hehad),sim(yes)TheVowelOTypeEnglishWordContextPortugueseExamplesOpensawwrittenwiththeacuteódominó(domino)Closedwrittenwithacircumflexôcomplô(scheme)Longerglueattheendofawordpato(duck)attheendofone-syllableworddo(ofthe),o(the)Nasalbeforenasalconson
7、antssonho(dream),com(with)TheVowelUTypeEnglishWordContextPortugueseExamplesLongertoothattheendofsyllable/wordcaju(cashewfruit),tu(you),grúa(forklift)Shorterbowattheendofthewordpau(wood,stick),nau(boat)inthecombinationsquaandguaquadro(board),guarda(policeman)Nasalbeforenasa
8、lconsonantspunha(hewouldput),um(one)ThevowelUissilentwhenusedinthecombinationsque,qui,gue
