组织行为学 罗宾斯 12版本 第6章.ppt

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1、MotivationConceptsChapterSIX©2007PrenticeHallInc.Allrightsreserved.WhatIsMotivation?DirectionPersistenceIntensityKeyElementsIntensity:HowhardapersontriesDirection:TowardbeneficialgoalPersistence:HowlongapersontriesMotivationTheprocessesthataccountforanindividual’sintensity,direction,andpersistenceo

2、fefforttowardattainingagoalWhatIsMotivation?©2007PrenticeHallInc.Allrightsreserved.HierarchyofNeedsTheory(Maslow)HierarchyofNeedsTheoryThereisahierarchyoffiveneeds:physiological,safety,social,esteem,andself-actualization;aseachneedissubstantiallysatisfied,thenextneedbecomesdominant.Self-Actualizati

3、onThedrivetobecomewhatoneiscapableofbecoming©2007PrenticeHallInc.Allrightsreserved.Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsEXHIBIT6–1Lower-OrderNeedsNeedsthataresatisfiedexternally;physiologicalandsafetyneedsHigher-OrderNeedsNeedsthataresatisfiedinternally;social,esteem,andself-actualizationneedsSelfEsteemSoci

4、alSafetyPhysiological©2007PrenticeHallInc.Allrightsreserved.AssumptionsofMaslow’sHierarchyMovementUpthePyramidIndividualscannotmovetothenexthigherleveluntilallneedsatthecurrent(lower)levelaresatisfied.MaslowApplicationAhomelesspersonwillnotbemotivatedtomeditate!Individualsthereforemustmoveupthehier

5、archyinorder.©2007PrenticeHallInc.Allrightsreserved.TheoryXManagersSeeWorkersas…DislikingWorkAvoidingResponsibilityHavingLittleAmbitionTheoryYManagersSeeWorkersas…EnjoyingWorkAcceptingResponsibilitySelf-DirectedHerzberg’sTwo-FactorTheoryBottomLine:Satisfactionanddissatisfactionarenotoppositesofthes

6、amething!SeparateConstructsHygieneFactors—ExtrinsicandRelatedtoDissatisfactionMotivationFactors—IntrinsicandRelatedtoSatisfactionHygieneFactorsSalaryWorkConditionsCompanyPoliciesMotivatorsAchievementResponsibilityGrowth©2007PrenticeHallInc.Allrightsreserved.ComparisonofSatisfiersandDissatisfiersFac

7、torscharacterizingeventsonthejobthatledtoextremejobdissatisfactionFactorscharacterizingeventsonthejobthatledtoextremejobsatisfactionEXHIBIT6–2Source:ReprintedbypermissionofHarvardBusinessReview.Anexhibitfro