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1、RESEARCHHIGHLIGHTSDiseaseWatchAPRIMEEXAMPLEFORANHIVVACCINEHIVvaccineshavehadlimitedsuccessinhumantrials,andprotectiveCD8+Tcellresponsesarerarelyobserved.Inapreviousvaccinetrialforsimianimmunodeficiencyvirus(SIV),SIVprotein-expressingrhesuscytomegalovirusstrai
2、n 68-1vectorsprovedsuccessfulforthegenerationandmaintenanceofbroadCD8+Tcellresponses.AnewstudynowrevealsthatthesevectorselicitSIV-specificCD8+TcellsthatrecognizehighlydiverseandpromiscuousSIVepitopes,asopposedtothesmallrangeofepitopesthataretargetedduringnatu
3、ralSIVinfectionandelicitanarrowCD8+T cellresponsewhichcannotfullycontrolviralreplication.TheatypicalvaccineresponseoccursbecausethevectorscarrythegeneRh189,whichsuppressesthetargetingofnaturalepitopes,andalsolackRh157.4,Rh157.5andRh157.6,whichallowsprimingofC
4、D8+TcellsbybothmajorhistocompatibilitycomplexclassIandclass IImoleculestoinduceabroadresponse.Correspondinggenesexistinhumancytomegalovirus,raisingthepossibilityofananalogousHIVvaccine.ORIGINALRESEARCHPAPERHansen,S.G.etal.CytomegalovirusvectorsviolateCD8+Tcel
5、lepitoperecognitionparadigms.Science340,6135(2013)CORONAVIRUSCONTROVERSYThenovelcoronavirus,MiddleEastrespiratorysyndromecoronavirus(MERS-CoV),continuestocausenewinfections,withthereportofthefirstdeathinFranceandanewhospitalclusterinSaudiArabia.Theviralreserv
6、oirofinfectionisunknown,buthuman-to-humantransmissionissuspectedtooccur.Inlightoftheongoingtransmission,WHOchiefMargaretChanhasurgedthataglobalresponseisneededtocopewiththisthreat.“Thenovelcoronavirusisnotaproblemthatanysingleaffectedcountrycankeeptoitselform
7、anageallbyitself,”shesaidduringtheclosingremarksoftheWorldHealthAssemblyinGeneva.Atthesametime,apatentclaimispendingforMERS-CoV-relatedapplicationsbytheErasmusUniversityMedicalCentre(Rotterdam,theNetherlands),whereMERS-CoVwasfirstisolated,leadingtheSaudiArabi
8、anHealthMinistertoraiseconcernsaboutreagentsharing.MargaretChansaidthatshe“willlookatthelegalimplications”.WHO/BBCNewsANARMSRACEWITHH7N9Thefirstcasesofdrug-resistantH7N9influenzavirusinfe
