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1、Br.vet..].(1993).149,51REVIEWBOVINECORONAVIRUSM.A.CLARKDepartmentofPhysiologicalSciences,MedicalSchool,UniversityofNewcastleuponTyneNE24HH*SUMMARYThisreviewaimstosummarizecurrentdatadescribingthecharacteristicsofbovinecoronavirus(BCV)andthethreeclinicalsyndromeswithwhichthisvirusisassociated.T
2、hefirsthalfofthispaperConsistsofageneraldescriptionofthevirus,commencingwithabriefoutlineofthemethodsusedforinvitrogrowth.Thestructureofthevirusisthendescribedinmoredetail,withparticularreferencetothestructureandfunctionsofthefourmajorviralproteins.Thisisfollowedbyanoutlineoftheuniquerep-licat
3、ionstrategyadoptedbycoronaviruses.Thesecondhalfofthisreviewdiscussestheclinicalsignificanceofthevirus,beginningwithadetailedaccountofBCV-inducedneonatalcalfdiarrhoea,theclinicalsyndromewithwhichthisvirusismostcommonlyassociated.Theclinicalandepi-demiologicalimportanceofBCVrespiratorytractinfec
4、tionisthendis-cussed,andfinallytheevidencesupportingtheaetiologicalroleofBCVinoutbreaksofwinterdysenteryinadultcattleisexamined.INTRODUCTIONDefinitionBovinecoronavirus(BCV)wasfirstreportedbyMebusetal.(1972,1973a),andisnowwidelyrecognizedasanimportantcauseofneonatalcalfdiarrhoea.Thevirusalsoinf
5、ectsthebovinerespiratorytractandhasbeenassociatedwithwinterdysenteryinadultcattle.TherehasbeenasinglereportofaccidentaltransmissionofBCVfromexperimentallyinoculatedcalvestoahumaninvestigator(Storz&Rott,1981),butuntilfurtherevidencebecomesavailablethezoonoticpotentialofBCVmustremainopentoquesti
6、on.Bovinecoronax4rusbelongstoantigenicgroup2oftheCoronaviridaefamilyofviruses(coronaviruses),andforfurtherinformationonBCVandothermembers*Formeraddress:MicrobiologyDepartment.MoredunResearchInstitute,408GilmertonRoad,EdinburglaEH177JH.0007-1935/93/010051-20/$08.00/0©1993Bailli/:reTindall52BRIT
7、ISHVETERINARYJOURNAL,149,1ofthisfamilyreadersshouldrefertotherecentreviewspublishedbyBabiuketal.(1985),Siddell(1987),Spaanetal.(1988,1990),Holmes(1990)andLai(1990).InvitrogrowthDespiteproblemsinvirusisolation,BCVhasnowbeengrowninbothtra
