高中英语句子成分和结构讲解课件.ppt

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1、英语句子成分与结构Englishsentencesnounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt系动词ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英语句子基本成分示意图be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keep

2、taste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.Membersofasentence主语subject谓语predicate宾语object表语predicative宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositiveImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,主语一般

3、位于______。句首Lilylikeshernewbike.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.（二）谓语（predicate)：由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。Heworksveryhard.谓语Theweatherisverynicetoday.谓语Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.谓语Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypasspo

4、rt.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语（object）动作的对象或承受者，由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于_________或______之后。（不定式）（动名词）（句子）及物动词介词通常情况下，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.Hegavemesomeb

5、ooks.（四）表语（predicative）连系动词1.be动词(am,is,are,was,were)3.感官动词(look,smell,hear,feel…)+表语2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)Mysisterisanurse.Shegotangry.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（五）宾语补足语（objectcomplem

6、ent）（六）定语:(attribute)（Noun/Pronoun）这是一节生动有趣的课．Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.有一些难题要处理．Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.前置定语后置定语Tips:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。(七)同位语:(appositive)我们有两个孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车

7、．Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。解释说明前面的名词或代词的名词短语或从句，对前者进行补充说明。Thefactsurprisedallofus.He,mybrother,isastudent.同位语抽象名词Thefactsurprisedallofus.thattheuniversitystudentkilledhismotherTheyaskedmeaquestio

8、n.Theworkwasworthdoing.Theyaskedmethequestion同位语从句whethertheworkwasworthdoing.whytheworkwasworthdoing.同位语从句（八）状语:(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。①表时间：yesterd