高中英语：句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习_学案

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1、句子成分主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（______）Helikesdancing.（_________-）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(_______)Seeingisbelieving.（__________）Toseeistobelieve.（________）Whatheneedsisabook.（_________）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（______

2、___________________）谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（________）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（_____-）Fiveandfiveisten.（_______--）Heisasleep.（______）Hisfatherisin.（________）Thepictureisonthewall.(____

3、_____)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（__________）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（__________）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（________________）（常见系词:________________________________________________________________）Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoic

4、esoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（_______-）Hehatesyou.（_____）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Did

5、youwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmake

6、themhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewa

7、sadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（_______）Heisourfriend.（__________）Webelongtothethirdworld.（_______）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（_______）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(______)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysiste

8、r.(_________)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（_________）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（__________