国际商务英语课件unit 1.ppt

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1、InternationalBusinessTopicsNewEditionUnit1InternationalTradeTheoryGoalsoftheUnit1.Identifytheoriesofinternationaltrade2.Understandtheimplicationsofthetheoriestobusinesses.Warmingupquestions1.Whydowelearntradetheories,andhowmanydoyouknow?2.Howdotheyexplainoraffectthepatternofworldtrade?3.Wh

2、atbenefitscanwegetbylearningthesetheories?Whatdotradetheoriestellus?Benefitsofinternationaltradetheoriesshowwhycountriesshouldtradeforproducts/servicesevenwhentheycanproducethemdomesticallyPatternsofinternationaltradetheoriesshowwhycountriesspecializethewaytheydoRoleofthegovernmenttheories

3、helparticulatetheroleofgovernmentpolicyAnoverviewoftradetheorydevelopmentEarlythinking:MercantilismAdamSmith:Thetheoryofabsoluteadvantage,1776Ricardo:Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage,1817Heckscher-Olintheory:20thcenturyAnoverviewoftradetheoryDevelopment(continued)ProductLifecycleeffects“Ne

4、w”tradetheoryPorter’sdiamond:nationalcompetitiveadvantage1.Mercantilism(mid-16th–17th)重商主义Basictheme:encourageexports,discourageimports(gold/silverasnationalwealth)Fundamentalweakness:Tradeisseenasazero-sumgame(againbyonecountryresultsinalossbyanother)Whatisitsargument?Governmentinterventi

5、onbytariffs"asAlthoughdiscreditedasatheory,mercantilistthinkingisstillverymuchalive–socalledneo-mercantilism:EconomicpowerPoliticalPowerBalanceofTradesurplusInstrumentsofTradePolicyTariffsSubsidiesImportquotas(and“voluntary”exportrestraintsLocalcontentrequirementsAdministrativetradepol

6、icies(bureaucratichurdles)DavidHume(1752)critiqueonmercantilismLong-runsurplusisimpossibleIfEnglandhadatradesurpluswithFrance,InflationExpensivegoodsexportdecreasedContractionCheapergoodsExportincreasedEnglandtradedeteriorates,FrancetradeimprovesResult:2.AbsoluteAdvantageAdamSmith(1776)at

7、tackedmercantilism:Countriesdifferinproductionefficiency,climate,soil,accumulatedexpertise,thusabsoluteadvantageCountriesspecializeintheproductionofgoodswithAAandtradeforothersBothcountriesbenefitfrominternationaltrade.Itispositive-gameWealthofNationDavidRicar