管理学教程Decision-making决策(管理英语).ppt

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1、Decision-makingⅠ.DefinitionforDecisionAdecisionisdefinedastheselectionofacourseofactionfromamongalternatives;itisthecoreofplanning.Aplancannotbesaidtoexistunlessadecisionhasbeenmade.Ⅰ.DefinitionforDecisionEveryorganizationgrows,prospers,orfailsasaresu

2、ltofdecisionsbyitsmanagers.Case-1:Nokia’swrongdecision-makingⅠ.DefinitionforDecisionThequalityofmanager’sdecisionistheyardstickoftheireffectivenessandoftheirvaluetotheorganization.i.e.theimportance,number,andresultsoftheirdecisionⅡ.TypesofDecisionsThe

3、managerasdecisionmakerisaproblemsolver,chargedwitheitherselectingfromavailablealternativesorinventinganalternative.ProgrammedandNon-programmedDecisions2.IndividualDecisionsandGroupDecisionsⅡ.TypesofDecisionsProgrammedandNon-programmedDecisionsAdistinc

4、tioncanbemadebetweenprogrammedandnon-programmeddecisionswhichresultfromdifferenttypesofproblemsandusedifferenttypesofprocedures.Ⅱ.TypesofDecisionsProgrammeddecisionAprogrammeddecisionisforstructuredandroutineproblems.Programmeddecisionsarerepetitivean

5、dwelldefined,andproceduresexistforresolvingtheproblem.Theyarewellstructuredbecausecriteriaofperformancearenormallyclear,goodinformationisavailableaboutcurrentperformance,alternativesareeasilyspecified,andthereisrelativecertaintythatthechosenalternativ

6、ewillbesuccessful.Ⅱ.TypesofDecisionsNon-programmeddecisionsNon-programmeddecisionsareusedforunstructured,novel,andill-definedsituationsofanonrecurringnature.Whenaproblemcontainselementsthatmanagementhasnotpreviouslyconfrontedorifaproblemiscomplexorext

7、remelyimportant,itrequiresadifferentandperhaps,uniquesolution.Non-programmeddecisionsareusedwhenaclear-cutdecisioncriteriondoesnotexist.Typically,fewalternativescanbedevelopedforanon-programmeddecision,soasinglesolutioniscustom-tailoredtotheproblem.De

8、cisionProblemProceduresExamplesProgrammedrepetitiveroutinerulesstandardoperatingprocedurespoliciesBusiness:processingpayrollvoucherCollege:processingadmissionapplicantsNon-programmedcomplexnovelcreativeproblemsolvingBusiness:introducinganewpro