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1、TheAmericanModernism(I)(1914-1945)PartOne:Introduction:I.ThebackgroundofproducingmodernismCharlesDarwin’sTheOriginofSpecies(1859)radicallyalteredthenineteenthcenturyromanticviewthatnature,especiallyhumannature,wasbenign.HerbertSpencerandthe"GospelofWealth"orSocialDarwinism:recon
2、ciledindividualismwithcapitalismbysuggestingthattheinterestsofeachcitizenaswellastheinterestsofthestateareservedbyfreeeconomicexpansion.Thebackgroundofmodernism3)TheworkofMarx,andFreud,aswellasothergreatintellectualexplorersandrebelshadmountedanassaultagainstorthodoxreligiousfai
3、ththatlastedintothetwentiethcentury.4)WorldWarIinparticulardeepeneddoubtandreauthorizeddisillusionment.5)AnothersourceofdisillusionmentwastherapidtransformationofAmericansocietythatacceleratedwithWorldWarI.II.Modernism?Modernismisaculturalmovementthatgenerallyincludestheprogress
4、iveartandarchitecture,design,literature,music,dance,paintingandothervisualartswhichemergedinthebeginningofthe20thcentury,particularlyintheyearsfollowingWorldWarI.Itwasamovementofartistsanddesignerswhorebelledagainstlate19thcenturyacademicandhistoricisttradition,andembracedthenew
5、economic,socialandpoliticalaspectsoftheemergingmodernworld.ThemovementsincludingImpressionism,Post-Impressionism,Cubism立体派,Futurism未来派,Expressionism,Constructivism建构主义,DeStijl,andAbstractExpressionism-aregenerallydefinedasModernism.Modernisminliteratureisnoteasilysummarized,butt
6、hekeyelementsareexperimentation,anti-realism,individualismandastressonthecerebralratherthanemotiveaspects.TheworkofModernistwritersischaracterizedbyshowingthedisenchantment,dislocation,andalienationofmenintheworld,andbytheemphasisonexperimentationandformalismandobjectivismwhicha
7、re,inmostcases,areactiontothecataclysmknownastheModernAge.ModernistsAmongAmericanwriters,thebest-knownModernistsareT.S.Eliot,EzraPound,F.ScottFitzgerald,ErnestHemingway,WilliamFaulknerandsoon.III.TheSchoolsofAmericanModernism:Modernpoetry:experimentsinform(Imagism)ProseWriting:m
8、odernrealism(theLostGeneration)NovelsofSocialAw
