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1、The18thCenturyTheAgeofEnlightenmentHistoricalBackgroundA.Aconstitutionalmonarchy---AftertheGloriousRevolutiontherulingpowerinEnglandpassedfromthekingtotheparliament.B.Thecontinuous,large-scaleenclosuresoflandresultedinruralbankruptcy.Thepovertyandmiseryoftheexploitedandunemployedlaboringmassesint
2、hecitiesincreased.C.The13formerBritishcoloniesinNorthAmericaAnnouncedtheirindependencein1776.D.TheIndustrialRevolution,whichstartedinthe1760s,exertedanimmenseimpactonhumanthinkingTheEnlightenmentMovementThe18th-centuryEnglandisknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason.TheEnlightenmentMovementw
3、asaprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFrance&sweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15th&16thcenturies.Itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodemphilosophical&artisticideas.Theenlightenersconsideredthechiefmeansforthebe
4、ttermentofthesocietywas“enlightenment”or“education”forthepeople.TheEnlightenercelebratedreasonorration,equality,scienceandhumanbeings’abilitytoperfectthemselvesandtheirsociety.Theycalledforareferencetoorder,reason&rules&advocateduniversaleducation.FamousamongthegreatenlightenersinEnglandwerethose
5、greatwriterslikeJohnDryden,Alexanderpope&soon.NeoclassicismInthefieldofliterature,theEnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.Thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.Accordingtotheneoclassicists,allformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreek
6、&Romanwriters(Homer,Virgil,&soon)&thoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones.Theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotion&accuracy,&thatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.Thisbeliefledthemtoseekproportion,unity,harmony&graceinliteraryexpressions,inanefforttodeli
7、ght,instruct&correcthumanbeings,primarilyassocialanimals.Thus,apolite,urbane,witty,&intellectualartdeveloped.SentimentalismSentimentalismisoneoftheimportanttrendsinEnglishliteratureofthemiddleandlaterdecadesofthe18thce
