高中英语语法专题系列：定语从句.ppt

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1、一.定义及主要术语1.定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。引导定语从句的词。Iknowthemanwholivesnextdoor.先行词关系词定语从句被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句2.先行词：3.关系词：常用的关系代词:（充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分）that、which、who、whom、whose、as等常用的关系副词:（充当状语）when、why、where二.关系代词引导定语从句1.who:指人，在从句中作主语。Ilikethestudentswhoworkh

2、ard.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom:指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。He'saman(whom)weshouldlearnfrom.Theman(whom)youmetjustnowiscalledJim.3.whose:可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）whoseparents=theparentsofwhomI'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.（指物）4

3、.which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。Thelampwhichwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）Thebook(which)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表语）Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定语）5.that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或w

4、hom；指物时，相当于which)Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.（宾语）She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.（表语）6.as的用法①用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…结构中。Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。Don‘tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsure

5、about.不要做你不确定的事。【比较1】Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.（同一间房子）I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.（相像的，不是同一件T恤）【比较2】Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）②单独引导一个定语从句，译为"正如"。Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作

6、宾语)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主语）=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Aswecansee,heishonest.(宾语)Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)Thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing,asismentionedabove.三.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句Thisi

7、sthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.=Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?=DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands？若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。正：Thewomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyteach

8、er.误：Thewomanwithwho/thatyoutalkedjustnowismyteacher.正：Thisistheroominwhichheusedtolive.误：Thisis