英语语法专题-定语从句

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1、形容词性从句--定语从句用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。英语语法专题讲座定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.I’vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.定语从句常用关系词关系代词：who,

2、whom,whose,that,which,as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）关系副词：where(onwhich),when(inwhich),why(forwhich)（在句中作状语）关联词：that（引导表示方式、时间的定语从句）e.g.Inthisearthquake,thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.IhavemanygoodfriendstowhomIamgoingtosendpostcards.You’retheonlyper

3、sonwhoseadvicehemightlistento.Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitybringsusalotofpleasure.Hehasgivenusasmuchadviceashecan.Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.Idon’tliketheway(that)youtreatus.定语从句引导词的选择取决于先行词（被修饰词）在定语从句中的位置、成分。e.g.Thepeoplew

4、homwhothatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（作宾语）ThiswasthetimewhenatwhichsheleftforBeijing.Theplacewhich/thatheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.使用要点1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。e.g.Theclassroomthatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面有介词时，不可省略。e.g.Thi

5、sisthegirlwithwhomheworks.3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.4.只用that，不用which的情况当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；当先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时；当先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,all,little,much等不定代词修饰时；当先行词前有all,every,no

6、,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时；Itis句型中的引导定语从句时。5.只用which，不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句时；引导词前有介词时；一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；e.g.Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.6.当先行词是those,he,she,anyone,one,noone,all,nobody,anybody,n

7、one等人称代词时，常用who引导，不用that。Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助。Hewhohesitatesmustbelost.当断不断，必受其乱。as从句的先行词是thesame,such,或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。Manyofthesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted.Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected.Itwasraininghard,which(

8、as)wasunexpected.8.but在英语句子中可用作关系代词but在英语句子中可用作关系代词，引导定语从句。但应特别注意but常与否定词连用，表示肯定意义。Thereisnooldhabitbutmaybecuredbyastrongwillpower.没有顽强的意志力改不了的旧习惯。Withtheintroductionoftheelectron