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1、1FattyAcidsandDerivativesfromCoconutOilGregorioC.Gervajio1.THEWORLD’SFATSANDOILSOUTPUTTheoleochemicalindustryisfairlywelldevelopedanditsfuturesecurebecauseofareliablesupplyofrawmaterials.Theworldsfatsandoilsoutputhasbeengrowingrapidlyoverthepastfewdecades,farbeyondtheneedforhumannutri
2、tion.Theworldsproductionandconsumptionofnaturaloilsandfatshasgrownfrom79.2milliontin1990to117milliontin2001.Malaysia,Indonesia,andArgentinaarenotableexcess-supplyproducers;India,theEuropeanUnioncountries,andChinaarenotablehigh-demandareasthatsupplementregionalproductionthroughimports(
3、1).Theprincipalrawmaterialsfromwhichthenaturalfattyacidsarederivedaretallow,crudetalloil,coconut,palmkernel,andsoybeanoils.ManynewfattyacidplantshavebeenbuiltinSoutheastAsia,whichisamajorsourceofcoconutandpalmoilsusedasrawmaterialsfortheproductionofC8C14fattyacids.Altogether,thosecoun
4、tries(excludingChinaandIndia)haveproducersoffattyacidsfromoilsplittingwithacapacityof1.5milliont.Significantamountsoftheincreasingproductionarebeingexportedtootherareas,includingtheUnitedStates,WesternEurope,andJapan(2).ThePhilippines,amajorproducerofcoconutoil,establisheditsfirstoleoch
5、em-icalplantoflimitedcapacityin1967.Theplantproducedonly3,000t/yearofcocoBailey’sIndustrialOilandFatProducts,SixthEdition,SixVolumeSet.EditedbyFereidoonShahidi.Copyright#2005JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.12FATTYACIDSANDDERIVATIVESFROMCOCONUTOILfattyalcoholsusingKAOstechnologyviathemethylesterrou
6、te.Thiswasfollowedbyamoderate-sizeplant,ajointventurebetweenKAOJapanandalocalpartnercommissionedin1980,producing25,000tofcocofattyalcoholandahostofoleochemicalderivatives.COCOCHEMscocochemicalplant,establishedin1984,wasthebiggestintheregionduringthatperiod,withasplittingcapacityof70,0
7、00tcrudecoconutoilandproducing36,000toffattyalcohols,9,000tofglycerine,andvariouscutsoffattyacidsandfattyalcohols.TheplantusestheLurgitechnologyofthehydrogenationoffattyacidstoproducefattyalcohols.RecentdataforthePhillippineslistedacapacityof25,000tofalcoholproductsfromcoconutoilbythe
8、fatty
