化工专业英语复习资料.doc

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1、fundamentalprinciples基本原理evaporation蒸发blackbody黑体emptyspace真空区concentration浓缩visiblelight可见光radiation辐射distillate馏出液acetonitrile已腈precipitation沉淀cation阳离子hydroxide氢氧化物chromatography层析recrystallization重结晶sublimation升华physisorption物理吸附activatedcarbon活性炭hydrophilic亲水性heatexchanger换热器fract

2、ionatingcolumn精馏柱/塔volatilities挥发性tray塔板supernate上清液azeotropicdistillation共沸蒸馏supersaturated过饱和的silverchloride氯化银ionicreaction离子反应pharmaceutical制药的batchoperation间歇操作Freeze-drying冷冻干燥Separationprocess分离过程crystallization结晶Filtration过滤homogeneous均相的condensation冷凝thermodynamics热力学的liquefac

3、tion液化copper铜separation分离laminarflow湍流convection对流conduction传导phononvibration声子振动condensation冷凝thermodynamicsprocesses热力学过程elasticimpact弹性碰撞thermalenergy热能buoyancyforces浮力1.Heatconductionisdirectlyanalogoustodiffusionofparticlesintoafluid,inthesituationwheretherearenofluidcurrents.This

4、typeofheatdiffusiondiffersfrommassdiffusioninbehavior,onlyinasmuchasitcanoccurinsolids,whereasmassdiffusionismostlylimitedtofluids.2.Insteadystateconduction,theamountofheatenteringasectionisequaltoamountofheatcomingout.Inthisconduction,allthelawsofdirectcurrentelectricalconductioncanbe

5、appliedto“heatcurrents”.Insuchcases,itispossibletotake“thermalresistancesastheanalogtoelectricalresistances.Temperatureplaystheroleofvoltageandheattransferredistheanalogofelectricalcurrent.3.Conductionisthetransferofheatbydirectcontactofparticlesofmatter.Thetransferofenergycouldbeprima

6、rilybyelasticimpactasinfluidsorbyfreeelectrondiffusionaspredominantinmetalsorphononvibrationaspredominantininsulators.Inotherwords,heatistransferredbyconductionwhenadjacentatomsvibrateagainstoneanother,oraselectronsmovefromatomtoatom.Conductionisgreaterinsolids,whereatomsareinconstantc

7、ontact.Inliquids(exceptliquidmetals)andgases,themoleculesareusuallyfurtherapart,givingalowerchanceofmoleculescollidingandpassingonthermalenergy.4、Fractionaldistillationisoneoftheunitoperationsofchemicalengineering.Fractionatingcolumnsarewidelyusedinthechemicalprocessindustrieswherela