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1、汉英笔译基础教程BasicsofChinesetoEnglishTranslation第十五章风格不符Contents15.1正式等级I15.2风格翻译II15.1正式等级英语的正式等级大抵可以分为四种：旧式正式英语、现代正式英语、一般非正式英语和口语体非正式英语。其中现代正式英语和一般非正式英语的使用范围较广。旧式正式英语：Tosomescholars,instructionemanatesfromlectureorlaboratory;toothersitradiatesfromwithin.Noscholarissowelltaughtashewhocanteachhim
2、self.现代正式英语：Althoughlearningisjudgedtorequirefromteachers(andsometimesindeeditdoes),therealinstructionsmaybefoundnotsomuchinschooloringreatlaboratoriesasinthestudent’sownpowersofinsight.一般非正式英语：Wethinkwelearnfromteachers,andwesometimesdo.Buttheteachersarenotalwaystobefoundinschooloringreatla
3、boratories.Sometimeswhatwelearndependsuponourownpowersofinsight.口语题非正式英语：Youknow,peoplearealwayssayingtheylearnfromteachers!OK,sotheydo,sometimes.ButwhatIwanttogetacrossisthis:youdon’talwaysfindyourteachersinschoolsorinlabs,either.Nosir!Sometimesyoufindtheteacherrightinyourowneyesandearsandb
4、rains.That’swhereit’sat!从措辞来看，正式英语多选择庄重、抽象、多音节的French或Latin的词语，如：scholar,instruction,lecture,emanate,radiate,insight等；而非正式英语多选用短小、具体、常用的Anglo-Saxon词语，如：think,learn,say,getacross,eyes,ear,brains,beat等。从句式来看，正式英语多用抽象概念作主语，被动句，从属结构，句子偏长；而非正式英语则多采用人称主语，主动句，简单句或并列句，句子偏短。汉语也有类似的风格：古朴的文言、端重严谨的现代汉语、
5、通顺晓畅的现代汉语和通俗的汉语口语体，基本与英语的正式等级对应。15.1.1古朴文言孙子曰：昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之可胜。故曰：胜可知而不可为。SunTzusaid:Thegoodfightersofoldfirstputthemselvesbeyondthepossibilityofdefeat,andthenwaitedforanopportunityofdefeatingtheenemy.Tosecureourselvesagainstdefeatliesinourownhands,buttheoppor
6、tunityofdefeatingtheenemyisprovidedbytheenemyhimself.Thusthegoodfighterisabletosecurehimselfagainstdefeat,butcannotmakecertainofdefeatingtheenemy.Hencethesaying:Onemayknowhowtoconquerwithoutbeingabletodoit.15.1.1古朴文言孙子曰：昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之可胜。故曰：胜可知而不可为。Sunzisaid:Th
7、eskilledcommandersofthepastfirstmadethemselvesinvulnerable,thenwaitedfortheenemy’smomentofvulnerability.Invulnerabilitydependsonone’sownefforts,whereasvictoryovertheenemydependsonthelatter’snegligence.Itfollowsthatthoseskilledinwarfarecanmakethemse
