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1、定语从句ByGuoLiliNanzhuangMiddleSchool知识准备定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。1.Theredpenisbroken.2.Thepenonthedeskisbroken.3.ThepenthatIboughtyesterdayisbroken.定语从句定语从句概念:修饰名词或代词的句子.(Attributiveclause)句子作定语,修饰名词musicSheistheonlyonewho’sstudyingFrench.句子作定语,修饰代词oneIlikemusicthatIcandanceto.先
2、行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose,which,thatwhere,when,why1.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2.引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的作用：1.引导一个定语从句；2.在从句中代替先行词；3.在从句中担任某一句子成份。Maryisagirl.Agirlhaslonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.定语从句关系代词的用法:1)当先行词是物时,用which/that引导.Thesearethetreeswhic
3、h/thatwereplantedlastyear.2)当先行词是人时,用who/that引导.Maryisagirlwho/thathaslonghair.that既可以指人又可以指物who/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。1)Iprefershoesthatarecool.2)Ilikeapizzathatisreallydelicious.3)Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.4)Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.Thisistheteacher_______
4、__willgotothesouthwithustomorrow.(2)Isthatthestudent______________theteacheristalkingwith?(3)Ilikethepresent_________you’vesenttome.(4)Thenurse_______________wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishwell.(5)Thisisthejob___________we’veneverdonebefore.who/thatwho/that/whomthat/whichwho/
5、that/whomthat/which定语从句关系副词的用法:1、Where指地点，在从句中充当地点状语。Thisistheplacewhere(inwhich)welivedtenyearsago.2、When指时间，在从句中充当时间状语。Hetoldmethedatewhen(onwhich)hejoinedtheParty.3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。Iknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)shewassoangry.关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区别:同样是修饰一个地点，有
6、时使用where,有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：定语从句中的谓语动词是否一个及物动词。1.Thisisthepark(that)wevisitedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.2.Shewon’tforgetthedays(that)shespentontheisland.Shewon’tforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether.定语
7、从句构成：先行词+关系词+从句关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分，而且先行词一定会在从句中做成分，可能是主语，宾语或状语。从句可以还原成为一个完整的句子。1)Thisistheplacewhereyouworked.2)Thisistheplacewhichyouvisited.1)还原后为:youworkedintheplace,先行词theplace做状语,所以用副词where作状语。2)还原后为:youvisitedtheplace，先行词theplace做visited的宾语，所以用代词which做宾语。关系副词可转化为介词+which
8、结构。1)Thisisthehouse______onceLuXunlived.Thisisthehouse__________onceLuXunlivedin.这就是鲁迅曾经住
