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1、UsingnanotechnologytoimproveLi-ionbatteryperformanee(NanowerkSpotlight)Lithium-ionbatteriesseemtobeeverywherethesedays.Theypowermostoftheelectronicdeviceswecarryaroundwithus-cellphones,laptops,MP3players,digitalcamerasandsoon.Theygettheirnamefromthelithiumionthatmovesfromtheanodetothecathodedu
2、ringdischargeandfromthecathodetotheanodeduringrecharging.Duetotheirgoodenergy-to-weightratios,lithiumbatteriesaresomeofthemostenergeticrechargeablebatteriesavailabletoday.Intermsofweightandsize,batterieshavebecomeoneofthelimitingfactorsinthecontinuousprocessofdevelopingsmallerandhigherperforma
3、nceelectronicdevices.Thisnotonlyappliestoconsumerelectronics.Aswithsomanyothernanotechnologyresearch,themilitaryisastrongdriverbehindbatteryR&D.Alloftheelectronicgizmosofamodernsoldier-nightvisiongoggles,flashlights,laptops,radios,GPS,etc.-arepoweredbybatteries.Thebackupbatteriessoldiersarereq
4、uiredtocarrygenerallyaddseveralkilogramstotheirbasicload,andthelogisticsnecessarytosupplythetroopswithsufficientnumbersofreplacementbatteriesiscostly.Tomeetthedemandforbatterieshavinghigherenergydensityandimprovedcyclecharacteristics,researchershavebeenmakingtremendouseffortstodevelopnewelectr
5、odematerialsordesignnewstructuresofelectrodematerials.Forinstance,metallictinhasrecentlybeenwidelyresearchedasoneofthepromisinganodematerialsforthenextgenerationofhighenergydensitylithium-ionbatteries.Thisnewanodematerialhasahightheoreticalspecificcapacitybutitspracticalapplicationislimitedbyi
6、tspoorcyclingperformance.Theproblemwithincreasingtheperformaneeoflithiumbatteriesisthatnoneoftheexistingelectrodematerialsalonecandeliveralltherequiredperformancecharacteristicsincludinghighcapacity,higheroperatingvoltage,andlongcyclelife.Consequently,researchersaretryingtooptimizeavailableele
7、ctrodematerialsbydesigningnewcompositestructures,oftenatthenanoscale・Demonstratingthebenefitsofdirectednanostructure-designofelectrodematerials,Chinesescientistshavepreparedtinnanoparticlesencapsulatedinelastichollowcarbonspheres.Thisti
