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1、UsingnanotechnologytoimproveLi-ionbatteryperformance(NanowerkSpotlight)Lithium-ionbatteriesseemtobeeverywherethesedays.Theypowermostoftheelectronicdeviceswecarryaroundwithus-cellphones,laptops,MP3players,digitalcamerasandsoon.Theygettheirnamefromthelithiumiontha
2、tmovesfromtheanodetothecathodeduringdischargeandfromthecathodetotheanodeduringrecharging.Duetotheirgoodenergy-to-weightratios,lithiumbatteriesaresomeofthemostenergeticrechargeablebatteriesavailabletoday.Intermsofweightandsize,batterieshavebecomeoneofthelimitingf
3、actorsinthecontinuousprocessofdevelopingsmallerandhigherperformanceelectronicdevices.Thisnotonlyappliestoconsumerelectronics.Aswithsomanyothernanotechnologyresearch,themilitaryisastrongdriverbehindbatteryR&D.Alloftheelectronicgizmosofamodernsoldier-nightvisiongo
4、ggles,flashlights,laptops,radios,GPS,etc.-arepoweredbybatteries.Thebackupbatteriessoldiersarerequiredtocarrygenerallyaddseveralkilogramstotheirbasicload,andthelogisticsnecessarytosupplythetroopswithsufficientnumbersofreplacementbatteriesiscostly.Tomeetthedemandf
5、orbatterieshavinghigherenergydensityandimprovedcyclecharacteristics,researchershavebeenmakingtremendouseffortstodevelopnewelectrodematerialsordesignnewstructuresofelectrodematerials.Forinstance,metallictinhasrecentlybeenwidelyresearchedasoneofthepromisinganodema
6、terialsforthenextgenerationofhighenergydensitylithium-ionbatteries.Thisnewanodematerialhasahightheoreticalspecificcapacitybutitspracticalapplicationislimitedbyitspoorcyclingperformance.Theproblemwithincreasingtheperformanceoflithiumbatteriesisthatnoneoftheexisti
7、ngelectrodematerialsalonecandeliveralltherequiredperformancecharacteristicsincludinghighcapacity,higheroperatingvoltage,andlongcyclelife.Consequently,researchersaretryingtooptimizeavailableelectrodematerialsbydesigningnewcompositestructures,oftenatthenanoscale.D
8、emonstratingthebenefitsofdirectednanostructure-designofelectrodematerials,Chinesescientistshavepreparedtinnanoparticlesencapsulatedinelastichollowcarbonspheres.Thisti
