《panofsky.thehistoryofartasahumanisticdisipline(作为人文科学的艺术史)》.pdf

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1、INTRODUCTIONTHEHISTORYOFARTASAHUMANISTICDISCIPLINEINinedaysbeforehisdeathImmanuelKantwasvisitedbyhisphysician.Old,illandnearlyblind,herosefromhischairandstoodtremblingwithweaknessandmutteringunin-words.hisfaithfulrealizedthattelligibleFinallycompanionhewouldnotsi

2、tdownagainuntilthevisitorhadtakenaseat.Thishedid,andKantthenpermittedhimselftobehelpedtohischairand,afterhavingregainedsomeofhisstrength,said,"DasGefuhlfurHumanitathatrnichnoch1nichtverlassen""Thesenseofhumanityhasnotyetleftme.**Thetwomenweremovedalmosttotears.Fo

3、r,thoughthewordHumanitathadcome,intheeighteenthcentury,tomeanlittlemorethanpolitenessorcivility,ithad,forKant,amuchdeepersignificance,whichthecircumstancesofthemomentservedtoemphasize:man'sproudandtragicconsciousnessofself-approvedandself-imposedprinciples,contra

4、stingwithhisuttersubjectiontoillness,decayandallthatisimpliedintheword"mortality."Historicallythewordhumanitashashadtwoclearlydis-tinguishablemeanings,thaJSrstarisingfromacontrastbe-tweenmanandwhattaislesstibanmw;v^**sec^nd,Tetwe0imanandwhatismore.Inthefirstcaseh

5、tunanifasmeansavalue,inthesecondalimitation.Theconceptofhumanitasasavaluewasformulatedinthe1E.A.C.Wasianski,ImmanuelKantinseinenletztenLebensjahren(UeberImmanuelKant,1804,Vol.Ill),reprintedinImmanuelKant,SeinLebeninDarstellungenvonZeitgenossen,DeutscheBibliothek,

6、Berlin,1912,p.298.2INTRODUCTIONTheHistoryofcirclearoundtheyoungerScipio,withCiceroasitsbelated,yetmostItmeantthequalitywhichdis-explicitspokesman.tinguishesman,notonlyfromanimals,butalso,andevenmoreso,fromhimwhobelongstothespecieshomowithoutdeservingthenameofhomo

7、humanus;fromthebarbarianorvulgarianwholackspietasandw

8、sedtodivinityratherthantoanimalityorbarbarism.Thequalitiescommonlyasso-ciatedwithitwerethereforethoseofandtransience:frailtyhumanitashumanitascaduca.fragilis,>