《panofsky.thehistoryofartasahumanisticdisipline(作为人文科学的艺术史)》

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1、INTRODUCTIONTHEHISTORYOFARTASAHUMANISTICDISCIPLINEINinedaysbeforehisdeathImmanuelKantwasvisitedbyhisphysician.Old,illandnearlyblind,herosefromhischairandstoodtremblingwithweaknessandmutteringunin-words.hisfaithfulrealizedthattelligibleFinallycompanionhewouldnotsitdownagainunti

2、lthevisitorhadtakenaseat.Thishedid,andKantthenpermittedhimselftobehelpedtohischairand,afterhavingregainedsomeofhisstrength,said,"DasGefuhlfurHumanitathatrnichnoch1nichtverlassen""Thesenseofhumanityhasnotyetleftme.**Thetwomenweremovedalmosttotears.For,thoughthewordHumanitathadc

3、ome,intheeighteenthcentury,tomeanlittlemorethanpolitenessorcivility,ithad,forKant,amuchdeepersignificance,whichthecircumstancesofthemomentservedtoemphasize:man'sproudandtragicconsciousnessofself-approvedandself-imposedprinciples,contrastingwithhisuttersubjectiontoillness,decay

4、andallthatisimpliedintheword"mortality."Historicallythewordhumanitashashadtwoclearlydis-tinguishablemeanings,thaJSrstarisingfromacontrastbe-tweenmanandwhattaislesstibanmw;v^**sec^nd,Tetwe0imanandwhatismore.Inthefirstcasehtunanifasmeansavalue,inthesecondalimitation.Theconceptof

5、humanitasasavaluewasformulatedinthe1E.A.C.Wasianski,ImmanuelKantinseinenletztenLebensjahren(UeberImmanuelKant,1804,Vol.Ill),reprintedinImmanuelKant,SeinLebeninDarstellungenvonZeitgenossen,DeutscheBibliothek,Berlin,1912,p.298.2INTRODUCTIONTheHistoryofcirclearoundtheyoungerScipi

6、o,withCiceroasitsbelated,yetmostItmeantthequalitywhichdis-explicitspokesman.tinguishesman,notonlyfromanimals,butalso,andevenmoreso,fromhimwhobelongstothespecieshomowithoutdeservingthenameofhomohumanus;fromthebarbarianorvulgarianwholackspietasandw

7、uesandthatgraciousblendoflearningandurbanitywhichwecanonlycircumscribebythediscreditedword"cul-ture."IntheMiddleAgesthisconceptwasdisplacedbythecon-siderationofhumanityasbeingopposedtodivinityratherthantoanimalityorbarbarism.Thequalitiescommonlyasso-ciatedwithitwerethereforeth

8、oseofandtransience:frailtyhumanitashumanitascaduca.fragilis,>