英语句子成分分析.ppt

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1、句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语次要成分：定语、状语、补足语、同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldre

2、specttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatr

3、ee.（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）Therewasaknockathisdoor.(Therebe句型中，be作谓语，主语位居其后)㈡谓语(Predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancingShowyourpas

4、sport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语(Object)动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemesomeb

5、ooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.（四）表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.(副词)Theyseemtoknowthetruth.(不定时短语)Timeisprecious.(形容词)I’mnotquitemyselftoday.(代词)Thatremainsapuzzle.(名词)Idon’tfeelatease.（介词短语）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（

6、表语从句）（五）定语(Attribute)修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelfactory.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由

7、一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?（六）状语(Adverbial)状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegot

8、upsolatethathemissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttosch