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1、ComparativeStudiesofChineseandEnglish(PartI)LexicalandSemanticComparisonofChineseandEnglishI.LexicalComparisonofChineseandEnglish.II.SemanticcomparisonofChineseandEnglishI.LexicalComparisonofChineseandEnglish.1.Chineseisanideographlanguage,thewordformationmainlydependsonwordmeanin
2、g.汉语是表意文字However,Englishlanguageisakindofspellinglanguage.Itisnotthewrittensignbutthesoundorspellingthatgivesmoreideasofthemeaningoftheword.英语是拼音文字English(alphabeticscript)（只有词）Chinese（ideographic-orientedsyllabicscript）:（有字又有词）象形字（pictograph）日月山水指事字（indicativecharacter）上一二下会意字（as
3、sociativecharacter）众森从形声字（morpheme-phoneticcharacter）材铜冻证骑秧2.ComparisonofpronunciationChinese(tonallanguage)English(intonationlanguage)Intonation:Thefallingtone:whatwouldyoulike?Therisingtone:areyoucominglater?Thefall-risetone:hewasquitekind.3.ComparisonofwordformationChinese:sing
4、lewordandcompoundwordSinglewordsincludemono-syllablewordslike鸟，吃，八andmulti-syllablewordslike坎坷，沙发，妈妈.Compoundwordsincludecompounding(复合式)like语言,煤气,建成affixation（附加式）like老鹰,学者,红艳艳abbreviation（减缩式）like人大,师专,彩扩andnumberization（数字式）like四化,七一,三害Accordingtomodernmorphology,therearethreem
5、ajorprocessesinforformingEnglishwords.Themajor:1.compounding:headache,pickpocket,pinetree2.derivation:unhappy,unzip,boyhood3.conversion:tolabel,tobottle,alook,acry4.DifferenceofmorphologyEnglish有屈折变化（inflections）：性、数、格、时、体、态、语气、人称、比较级等；Chinese没有形态变化，但有量词（动量词）、语气词、形态助词；II.Semanticc
6、omparisonofChineseandEnglish(词义对比)A.themeaningsoftheword(词的意义方面)：1.英语中有些词所表示的意义，在汉语里可以找到完全对应的词来表达。（semanticcorrespondence）专用名词、术语和事物名称。如：TheU.S.StateDepartment美国国务院萨斯SARS（SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome）Aids(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)艾滋病2.英语中有些词与汉语中有些词在词义上只有部分对应。(partlyseman
7、ticcorrespondence)大象、龙MarriageGunUncleAuntBothermorning,etc.3.英语中有些词所表示的意义，目前在汉语里还找不到最后确定的对应词来表达。（semanticzero）Examples:mascon(massconcentration)（表示月球表层下高密度的）物质聚积，overkill过度杀伤力，现又指表示宣传活动等方面不必要的过度行为，plumber特工，又称“管子工”（美国调查政府雇员泄密事件的特工）文房四宝：thefourtreasuresofthestudy(writingbrush,inks
8、tick,inkstoneandpaper)乌纱帽：anoffic
