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1、UnderstandingFoodAmyBrownChapter21:CerealGrainsandPastaCompositionofCerealGrainsStructureAllgrasseshaveindividualkernelsorgrains,calledcaryopses,whicharesimilarinstructure.Eachcaryopsishasa:ProtectiveouterhuskBrancoveringStarchyendospermGermCompositionofCe
2、realGrainsUsesofCerealGrainsMostofthecerealgrainsproducedareusedforflour,pasta,andbreakfastcereals.UsesofCerealGrainsTypesofCerealGrainsThethreedominantgrainsgrownwithinthelast5,000to8,000yearsofhumanhistoryappeartohavebeen:WheatBarleyRiceThegrainsofprimar
3、yimportanceintheworldnowindescendingorderare:WheatRiceCornBarleyMilletSorghumOatsRyeTypesofCerealGrainsFormsofRiceWhiteConvertedInstantBrownSpecialtyWildTypesofCerealGrainsOtherGrainsTriticaleBuckwheatisnotrelatedtowheatandisnotatruegrain.Itisthefruitofale
4、afyplantthatisrelatedtorhubarb.Somenewgrainshaveenteredthemarket,including:AmaranthKamutQuinoaPreparationofCerealGrainsThedesiredresultsinpreparedgrainsaremostcommonlyachievedbymoist-heatmethods:BoilingSimmeringMicrowavingBakinginthepresenceofliquidPrepara
5、tionofCerealGrainsFactorsInfluencingGrainCooking:FormofgrainPresenceofbranorhullpHofthewaterDesiredtenderness…arefactorsthatinfluencetheamountof:WatertobeusedHeatintensityCookingtimeAnyreductioninparticlesizethrough:CrackingRollingCuttingFlaking…decreasest
6、heheatingtime.StorageofCerealGrainsDrygrains,freedoftheirbranandgerm,arebestkeptinairtightwrappingsorcontainersinacool,dryareafreeofrodents,insects,andotherpests.CookedwholegrainscanbefrozenforfutureuseiftheyaretightlywrappedorplacedinairtightcontainersWho
7、legrainsshouldberefrigeratedinairtightcontainerstoretardrancidityUsually,onlywholeorcookedgrainsarerefrigerated.PastasIngredientsFlourEggyolksEnrichedSpecialtyingredientsPastasPasta,or“alimentary(nourishing)paste,”ismadebycombiningwaterwithsemolinaflourand
8、/orfarina.Ifeggsareadded(atleast5.5%eggbyweight),thepastaproductisreferredtoas“noodles.”Asiannoodlesmaybemadefrom:RiceMungbeanTaroYamCornBuckwheatPotato…flours.PastasTypesofPastaPastaisformedbyplacingthefresh
