语言学课后题.doc

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1、1.Fillintheblanks(1)Arbitrarinessoflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative,andconventionalityoflanguagemakeslearningalanguagelaborious.Forlearnersofaforeignlanguage,itisthisfeatureoflanguagethatismoreworthnoticingthanitsarbitrariness.(大连外院2008）(2)Humanlanguageisarbitrary.Thisreferstothefactthatthereis

2、nologicalorintrinsicconnectionbetweenaparticularsoundandthemeaningitisassociatedwith.(人大2007）(3)humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentatthemomentofcommunication.Thisqualityislabeledasdisplacement.（北二外2006）(4)Hallidayproposesatheoryofmetafunctionsoflan

3、guage,thatis,languagehasideational,interpersonalandtextualfunctions.（中山大学2008）(5)Ourlanguagecanbeusedtotalkaboutitself.Thisisthemetalingual(元语言)functionoflanguage.（中山大学2005）(6)whenlanguageisusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanexchanginginformationorideas,itsfunction

4、isphaticfunction.(北二外2005）(7)Pragmaticscanbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.(8)Descriptivegrammarsattempttotellwhatisinthelanguage,whileprescriptivegrammarstellpeoplewhatshouldbeinthelanguage.Mostcontemporaryl

5、inguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursnaturallyinthelanguageshouldbedescribed.(人大2006）（9）ThedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisaDiachronic（历时）Linguisticstudy.10.Therearetwofieldsofmorphology:thestudyofinflectionalandthestudyofderivational.（人大2006研）11.Aboundmorphemeisonethatcannotconstitutea

6、wordbyitself.（北二外2003）12.Affixisthecollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.Affixesarelimitedinnumberinalanguage,andaregenerallyclassifiedintothreesubtypes,namely,prefix,suffix,andinfix.（北邮）13.Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes:affixandboundroot.14.Cohes

7、ionreferstotiesandconnectionswhichexistwithintexts.Theyarealsocalledformallinksbetweensentencesandbetweenclauses.(人大2007)15.Thetheoryofmeaningwhichrelatesthemeaningofawordtothethingitrefersto,orstandsfor,isknownasthere