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1、Unitfifteen科普性口译InterpretingPopularScienceSpeechEnglish-ChineseInterpretation(英译汉)15-1睡眠与梦SleepandDreamItisclearthatweallneedtosleep.Mostpeoplerarelythinkabouthoworwhytheysleep,however.Weknowthatifwesleepwell,wefeelrested.Ifwedonotsleepenough,weoftenfeeltiredandirrita
2、ble.Itseemstherearetwopurposesofsleep:physicalrestandemotional,orpsychological,rest.Weneedtorestourbodiesandourminds.显然我们都需要睡眠。大多数人很少考虑他们是如何睡眠的,也很少考虑他们为何要睡眠。我们知道,如果睡得好,我们就会感到有了充分的休息;如果睡眠不充足,我们常会感到疲倦和烦躁。看来睡眠有两个目的:一是为了获得体力上的休息,一是为了得到精神上的休息(或叫做心理休息)。我们需要让自己的身体和大脑都得到休息。Ea
3、chnightwealternatebetweentwokindsofsleep:activesleepandpassivesleep.Passivesleepgivesourbodytherestthatisneeded,andpreparesusforactivesleep,inwhichdreamingoccurs.Inpassivesleep,thebodyisatrest,theheartbeastslowsdown,andthebodyprocessesbecomeveryslow.Wemoveverylittle,a
4、ndthebrainbecomesveryinactive.Thisstageofsleepisknownasslow-wavesleepbecausethebrainwavesmoveinaveryslow,regularrhythm.每天晚上我们以两种交替出现的方式睡眠,即积极睡眠和消极睡眠。消极睡眠给我们的身体以所需要的休息,并让我们向积极睡眠过渡。人们在积极睡眠时会做梦。消极睡眠时我们的身体处于一种安宁的状态,我们心脏的跳动减缓,我们人体机能的运行变得非常缓慢。我们身体很少移动,大脑几乎处于静止状态。这一阶段的睡眠叫做慢波
5、睡眠,因为这时脑电波处于一种非常缓慢而有节奏的波动状态。Ifwecontinuetosleep,wewillenteramoreactivestage,inwhichthebodygoesthroughseveralchanges.Inthisnewstage,thebraintemperaturerises,theamountofbloodinthebrainincreases,thebodybecomesverystill,andthebraingoesfrombeingveryinactivetobeingactive.As
6、thebrainbecomesmoreactive,theeyesbegintomoverapidly.Theeyemovementsignalsthatthepersonisdreaming.如果我们继续睡眠,我们便会进入一个比较积极的睡眠阶段,这时人体会经历几种变化。在这个睡眠新阶段,大脑温度会上升,大脑血液流量会增加,人体会变得几乎纹丝不动,而大脑则由静止不动转为活动状态。随着大脑活动变得较为积极,人的眼球开始快速运动起来。人的眼球运动表明了我们正在做梦。Throughoutthenight,wealternatebetwe
7、enpassiveandactivesleep.Thebrainrests,thenitbecomesactive,thendreamingoccurs.Thiscycleisrepeatedseveraltimesthroughoutthenight.Duringeighthoursofsleep,wedreamforatotalofoneandahalfhours,ontheaverage.整个晚上我们始终处于消极睡眠和积极睡眠两种状态相互交替的过程。大脑保持静态,然后积极活动起来,然后我们开始做梦。这一过程会一夜循环出现好几
8、次。在8小时的睡眠过程中,我们做梦的总时间平均为1个半小时。Weallexperiencethesedreamcycles;nooneisanexception.Manypeoplesaythattheydonotdream,orthattheyr