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1、动词的被动语态一.被动语态的构成或用法(一)被动语态的构成1.被动语态的基本机构:be+动词的过去分词2.各种时态的主动、被动语态的构成如下:一般现在时---主动:do/does被动:am/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般过去时---主动:did被动:was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.现在进行时---主动:am/is/are+doing被动:am/is/are+beingdoneSheiswateringflowers.Flow
2、ersarebeingwateredbyher.现在完成时---主动:have/has+done被动:have/has+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.一般将来时---主动:will/shall/begoingtodo被动:will/shall/begoingtobedoneTheywillplanttreestomorrow.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.过去进行时---主动:was/weredoing被动:was/were+beingdoneShew
3、aswritingaletterthistimeyesterday.Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyherthistimeyesterday.过去完成时---主动:had+done被动:had+beendoneJimhadfinishedthework.TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJim.过去将来时---主动:would/should/begoingtodo被动:would/should/begoingtobedoneHesaidhewouldmakeakite.Hesaidakitewouldbemadebyhim.含有情态动词---
4、主动:can/may/mustdo被动:can/may/mustbedoneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.(二)被动语态的用法在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列情况:1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。ThiswatchismadeinChina.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.4.动作的发出者不是指认。Manyhouseswerewashedawayin
5、theflood.一.主动语态和被动语态的转换(一)主动语态变为被动语态1.要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格。2.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变为宾格,并由by引导。3.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosingandEnglishsongbyus.(一)带双宾的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾时,既可以将间接宾语转化为主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语,且
6、在被保留间接宾语前加上介词to或for.Shegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyher.Abookwasgivetomebyher.(三)短语动词变为被动语态许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。注意:短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.(of不可省略)(四)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态宾语加上宾补一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,
7、只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。Isawsomeboysplayingfootballontheplayground.Someboyswereplayingfootballontheplayground.(五)被动语态后动词形式的选择。主动句中的感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动语态时,应加上不定式符号to。Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomntheevening.Theg
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