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ID:48400189
大小:4.80 MB
页数:51页
时间:2020-01-19
《2_1神经元和神经胶质细胞-神经元.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、NeurobiologyNeuroscienceResearchInstitute神經科學研究所OneoftheCajal’smanydrawingsofBraincircuityTheletterslabelthedifferentelementsCajalidentifiedinanareaofthehumancerebralcortexthatcontrolsvoluntarymovement.Neurons:Excitablecells–“wiring”“SignalSenders”Neurogl
2、ia:Support,Nurturing,InsulationCellularComponentsNerveCellsNeuronsNeuroglia二、神经元1.结构胞体树突突起轴突胞体树突轴突神经末梢神经胶质细胞(1)胞体soma是神经元营养和代谢的中心,主要位于脑皮质,脊髓的灰质以及神经节内。①细胞膜cellmembrane可兴奋膜,感受刺激,传导神经冲动。②细胞核cellnucleus核大而圆,位于细胞中央,着色浅,核仁明显。③细胞质cytoplasm除了有一般的细胞器外,还有尼氏体、神经原纤维※
3、尼氏体NisslbodyLM:颗粒或斑块状EM:有RER、R功能:合成蛋白质,如结构蛋白、酶、神经调质等。1.细胞膜2.细胞核3.核仁4.尼氏体5.轴丘※神经原纤维neurofibril银染LM:呈棕黑色细丝EM:神经丝、微管功能:构成神经元的细胞骨架,也参与物质运输。(2)突起分树突与轴突①树突dendrite一个或多个,粗短且有分支,结构类似细胞质。功能:接受刺激,传向胞体。②轴突axon只有一条,细而长,内无尼氏体。※轴丘axonhillock:无尼氏体。功能:传导兴奋冲动,传离胞体。Cellbod
4、y(soma;perikaryon)Axon:onlyone(branchesarecollaterals;terminalsareendfeet)Dendrites:muchshorter;oneormorethanone;branchextensivelyintodendritictreesStructureofNeuronsAxonHillock(Axonalendfeet)TheAxonandAxonCollateralsCellBody(Soma):LifeSupportProteinSynth
5、esisSingleNucleus,RER(NisslBodies)Axon:LongestprocesstransmitsmessagesawayfromcellbodyDendrites:Multipleprocessesoffcellbody–receivemessagesNeuronsStructure&FunctionNeuronsaresimilartoothercellsinthebodyinsomewayssuchas:1.Neuronsaresurroundedbyamembrane.2
6、.Neuronshaveanucleusthatcontainsgenes.3.Neuronscontain:Whatareinsideofaneuron?NucleusNucleolusMicrofilaments/NeurotubulesEndoplasmicReticulum(ER)MitochondriaGolgiApparatusNisslBodiesOthersDendrites:dendritetreeAxon:axonhillock(axonorigination)axonaltrans
7、portsysteminitialsegment(firstmyelinsheath)actionpotentialgenerationmyelinsheathAxonandDendritesAxonsDendritesTakeinformationawayfromthecellbodyTakeinformationtothecellbodySmoothsurfaceRoughsurface(dendriticspines)Generallyonly1axonpercellUsuallymanydendr
8、itespercellNoribosomeHaveribosomesCanhavemyelinNomyelininsulationBranchfurtherfromthecellbodyBranchnearthecellbodyDifferencesbetweenAxonsandDendritesNeuronClassificationbyShapeMultipolar:“multi-”manyprocessesMajorit
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