神经元和神经胶质细胞-神经元

《神经元和神经胶质细胞-神经元》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、CellularNeurobiologyNeuroscienceResearchInstitutePekingUniversityDepartmentofNeurobiologyPekingUniversityHealthScienceCenterAlbertCheung-HoiYU于常海北京大學神經科學研究所achy@bjmu.edu.cnOneoftheCajal’smanydrawingsofBraincircuityTheletterslabelthedifferentelementsCaj

2、alidentifiedinanareaofthehumancerebralcortexthatcontrolsvoluntarymovement.Neurons:Excitablecells–“wiring”“SignalSenders”Neuroglia:Support,Nurturing,InsulationCellularComponentsNerveCellsNeuronsNeurogliaCellbody(soma;perikaryon)Axon:onlyone(branchesarec

3、ollaterals;terminalsareendfeet)Dendrites:muchshorter;oneormorethanone;branchextensivelyintodendritictreesStructureofNeuronsAxonHillock(Axonalendfeet)TheAxonandAxonCollateralsCellBody(Soma):LifeSupportProteinSynthesisSingleNucleus,RER(NisslBodies)Axon:L

4、ongestprocesstransmitsmessagesawayfromcellbodyDendrites:Multipleprocessesoffcellbody–receivemessagesNeuronsStructure&FunctionNeuronsaresimilartoothercellsinthebodyinsomewayssuchas:1.Neuronsaresurroundedbyamembrane.2.Neuronshaveanucleusthatcontainsgenes

5、.3.Neuronscontain:Whatareinsideofaneuron?NucleusNucleolusMicrofilaments/NeurotubulesEndoplasmicReticulum(ER)MitochondriaGolgiApparatusNisslBodiesOthersDendrites:dendritetreeAxon:axonhillock(axonorigination)axonaltransportsysteminitialsegment(firstmyeli

6、nsheath)actionpotentialgenerationmyelinsheathAxonandDendritesAxonsDendritesTakeinformationawayfromthecellbodyTakeinformationtothecellbodySmoothsurfaceRoughsurface(dendriticspines)Generallyonly1axonpercellUsuallymanydendritespercellNoribosomeHaveribosom

7、esCanhavemyelinNomyelininsulationBranchfurtherfromthecellbodyBranchnearthecellbodyDifferencesbetweenAxonsandDendritesNeuronClassificationbyShapeMultipolar:“multi-”manyprocessesMajority:Singleaxon,manydendrites(motorneuronandinterneuron)Bipolar:“bi-”2pr

8、ocessesFoundinsomesensoryorgans(retina,taste,smell,innerearneuron)Unipolar(pseudo-unipolar):“uni-”1process(withbranches)Sensoryafferentneurons(dorsalrootganglia)ClassificationofNeuronsbyMorphologyClassificationofNeuronsbyAxonLengthGolgi