神经元和神经胶质细胞-胶质细胞

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1、Neuron:Supportingcells:CNS:neuroglia(glia)PNS:SchwanncellsandsatellitecellsFunctions:physicalsupportelectricalinsulationmetabolicexchangeblood-brainbarrierCompositionofNervousTissueTypesandFunctionsofGliaNameofGlialCellFunctionAstrocyte(Astroglia)Star-shapedcellsth

2、atprovidephysicalandnutritionalsupportforneurons:1)cleanupbrain"debris";2)transportnutrientstoneurons;3)holdneuronsinplace;4)digestpartsofdeadneurons;5)regulatecontentofextracellularspaceMicrogliaLikeastrocytes,microgliadigestpartsofdeadneurons.Oligo-dendrogliaProv

3、idetheinsulation(myelin)toneuronsinthecentralnervoussystem.SatelliteCellsPhysicalsupporttoneuronsintheperipheralnervoussystem.SchwannCellsProvidetheinsulation(myelin)toneuronsintheperipheralnervoussystem.NeurogliaintheCNSAbletoreplicate!Importanceinnervoussystemfun

4、ctionisVASTLYunderestimated!Evidenceismounting:NurturingroleSignalingrole(Memory?)InflammationPainManymoretocome!Neuroglia:DistinguishingFeaturesPresenceoftightjunctionsbetweentheendothelialcellsOneofthenotablefeaturesofendothelialcellsincomparisontoothercellisthel

5、ackofpinocyticvesiclesSelectivepermeabilitytomoleculesbasedontheirmolecularweightandlipidsolubilityPresenceofspecificmarkersRichintwoenzymes:gammaglutamyltranspeptidase(GGTP)(foraminoacidtransport)andalkalinephosphatase(transportofphsopahteions)usedasmarkerforBBB.O

6、thers:glucosetransporter(GLUT-1);endothelialbarrierantigen(EBA;unknownfunction)andantigenrecognizedbytheMRCOX-47monoclonalantibody(importantforcell-to-celladhesion);transferrinreceptor(transportofferricions).PropertiesofBloodBrainBarriersBBB1.NeuronshaveTWO"process

7、es"calledaxonsanddendrites.GlialcellsonlyhaveONE.2.NeuronsCANgenerateactionpotentials.GlialcellsCANNOT,however,dohavearestingpotential.3.NeuronsHAVEsynapsesthatuseneurotransmitters.GlialcellsdoNOThavechemicalsynapses.4.NeuronsdoNOTcontinuetodivide.GlialcellsDOconti

8、nuetodivide.5.TherearemanyMORE(10-50timesmore)glialcellsinthebraincomparedtothenumberofneurons.Gliaaredifferentfromneurons:NerveCellsNeurons,Glia