神经元和神经胶质细胞-胶质细胞

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1、Neuron:Supportingcells:CNS:neuroglia(glia)PNS:SchwanncellsandsatellitecellsFunctions:physicalsupportelectricalinsulationmetabolicexchangeblood-brainbarrierCompositionofNervousTissueTypesandFunctionsofGliaNameofGlialCellFunctionAstrocyte(Astroglia)Star-shap

2、edcellsthatprovidephysicalandnutritionalsupportforneurons:1)cleanupbrain"debris";2)transportnutrientstoneurons;3)holdneuronsinplace;4)digestpartsofdeadneurons;5)regulatecontentofextracellularspaceMicrogliaLikeastrocytes,microgliadigestpartsofdeadneurons.Ol

3、igo-dendrogliaProvidetheinsulation(myelin)toneuronsinthecentralnervoussystem.SatelliteCellsPhysicalsupporttoneuronsintheperipheralnervoussystem.SchwannCellsProvidetheinsulation(myelin)toneuronsintheperipheralnervoussystem.NeurogliaintheCNSAbletoreplicate!I

4、mportanceinnervoussystemfunctionisVASTLYunderestimated!Evidenceismounting:NurturingroleSignalingrole(Memory?)InflammationPainManymoretocome!Neuroglia:DistinguishingFeaturesPresenceoftightjunctionsbetweentheendothelialcellsOneofthenotablefeaturesofendotheli

5、alcellsincomparisontoothercellisthelackofpinocyticvesiclesSelectivepermeabilitytomoleculesbasedontheirmolecularweightandlipidsolubilityPresenceofspecificmarkersRichintwoenzymes:gammaglutamyltranspeptidase(GGTP)(foraminoacidtransport)andalkalinephosphatase(

6、transportofphsopahteions)usedasmarkerforBBB.Others:glucosetransporter(GLUT-1);endothelialbarrierantigen(EBA;unknownfunction)andantigenrecognizedbytheMRCOX-47monoclonalantibody(importantforcell-to-celladhesion);transferrinreceptor(transportofferricions).Pro

7、pertiesofBloodBrainBarriersBBB1.NeuronshaveTWO"processes"calledaxonsanddendrites.GlialcellsonlyhaveONE.2.NeuronsCANgenerateactionpotentials.GlialcellsCANNOT,however,dohavearestingpotential.3.NeuronsHAVEsynapsesthatuseneurotransmitters.GlialcellsdoNOThavech

8、emicalsynapses.4.NeuronsdoNOTcontinuetodivide.GlialcellsDOcontinuetodivide.5.TherearemanyMORE(10-50timesmore)glialcellsinthebraincomparedtothenumberofneurons.Gliaaredifferentfromneurons:NerveCellsNeurons,Glia