资源描述：
《英语专业语言学.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、1・Languageisuniquetohumans・Butanimalsalsocommunicatewithoneanother.2.Arbitrariness：Thereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds・Eg.differentsoundsareusedtorefertothesameobjectindifferentlanguages•（tree,arbre,shu）Butlanguageisnotentirelyarbitrary,eg.Onomatopoeicwords,compoundwo
2、rds（rumble,crash,bang;glitter,photocopy,…）Thearbitrarynatureoflanguageisasignofsophisticationanditmakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions.3.Dualityofstructure：Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.Atthelowerlevelthereisastructureofso
3、unds,whicharemeaningless;atthehigherlevelthesesoundscanbegroupedandregroupedintoalargenumberofunitsofmeaningsuchaswords.4.significanceofdualityfeature：Acommunicationsystemwithdualityisconsiderablyflexiblethanonewithoutit,becauseafargreaternumberofmessagescanbesent.Thisfeatureenables
4、itsuserstotalkaboutanythingwithintheirknowledge・Noanimalcommunicationsystemhasdualityorevencomesneartopossessingit.5.Productivity/Creativity：Humanshavetheabilitytoconstmctandunderstandanindefinitelylargenumberofsentencesinournativelanguage,includingsentenceswehaveneverheardbefore・Th
5、iscreativityisrule-bound.6.Displacement：Languagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfarawayplaces.Itcanbeusedtotalkaboutlanguageitself.Thisfeatureprovidesspeakerswithanopportunitytotalkaboutawiderangeofthings,freefr
6、ombarrierscausedbyseparationintimeandspace・Animalcallsaremainlyutteredinresponsetoimmediatechangesofsituation,i.e.，incontactoffood,inpresenceofdanger,orinpain.Oncethedangerorpainisgone,callsstop・7.Culturaltransmission：Languageisnotgeneticallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.The
7、detailsofthelanguagesystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker（thoughhumancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis）.Animalcallsystemsarcgeneticallytransmitted,i.e.animalsarebornwiththeabilitytoproducethesetofcallspeculiartotheirspecies•8.SaussureandModernLinguistics：Humanshavebeeninterestedinl
8、anguageandgrammarsi
