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1、有理数的计算方法与技巧有理数运算是代数入门的重点,又是难点,是中学数学中一切运算的基础,怎样突破这一难点,除了要正确理解概念和掌握运算法则外,还必须熟练有理数运算的一些技巧和方法,一定要正确运用有理数的运算法则和运算律,从而使复杂问题变得较简单。一、四个原则:①整体性原则:乘除混合运算统一化乘,统一进行约分;加减混合运算按正负数分类,分别统一计算,或把带分数的整数、分数部分拆开,分别统一计算。②简明性原则:计算时尽量使步骤简明,能够一步计算出来的就同时算出来;运算中尽量运用简便方法,如五个运算律的运用。③口算原
2、则:在每一步的计算中,都尽量运用口算,口算是提高运算率的重要方法之一,习惯于口算,有助于培养反应能力和自信心。④分段同时性原则:对一个算式,一般可以将它分成若干小段,同时分别进行运算。二、运算技巧①归类组合:运用交换律、结合律归类加减,将同类数(如正数或负数)归类计算,如整数与整数结合、如分数与分数结合、同分母与同分母结合等。例:计算:-(0.5)-(-3)+2.75-(7)解法一:-(0.5)-(-3)+2.75-(7)=(-0.5+2.75)+(3-7)=2.25-4=-2这可让他犯了难,施工现场距离项目部
3、很远,没有车还真是不方便office,branchoffices(jurisdiction),riskmanagement,marketingmanagementsectorthroughsupervisionandinspectionfoundproblems,shouldbeassignedtheinvestigatorsarecorrectedinatimelymanner.27ththefifthchapterpenaltyunderanyofthefollowingacts,thenthereleva
4、ntprovisionstopunishtheinvestigators,accordingtotheBank.Toconstituteacrimeshallbeinvestigatedforcriminalresponsibility:(A)onthebusinessthatarenotinvolvedintheinvestigation,issuedasurvey.(B)customercreditinformationarenotthoroughverification.(Iii)toparticipat
5、eincreditcustomersurveyisnotinplace,customersanddataisincomplete,untrue;heknowsbearacounterfeitedclientsissuingcredit.(D)doesnotprovideforduediligenceofcreditbusiness,pre-loaninvestigationform,concealingfactsorprovidingfalseinformationorshouldbefoundinanorma
6、linvestigationfailedtodiscovertheriskfactors,leadtothereviewandapprovalpolicyerrors,loanrisk.(Five)onloanguaranteesofsurveynotinplace,notbyprovidesonarrived,andpledgerealforfieldverification,andassessment,andidentificationandregistration,notaccordingtoprovid
7、esonguarantorofguaranteesqualificationandguaranteescapacityforsurveyverified,ledtoguaranteesloanlostauthenticity,andlegitimacy,andeffectivenessof;cycleloanbusinessintheofmortgage9解法二:-(0.5)-(-3)+2.75-(7)=-0.5+3+2.75-7=(3+2-7)+(-0.5++0.75-)=-2评析:解法一是小数与小数相结合,
8、解法二整数与整数结合,这样解决了既含分数又含小数的有理数加减运算问题.同学们遇到类似问题时,应学会灵活选择解题方法.②凑整:将相加可得整数的数凑整,将相加得零的数(如互为相反数)相消。将相加可得整数的数放在一起进行运算(其中包括互为相反数相加),可以降低解题难度,提高解题效率.例:计算:分析:本题六个数中有两个是同分母的分数,有两个互为相反数,有两个相加和为整数,故可用“凑整”法。解: