英语论文范例3.doc

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1、英语论文范例3ExplainanddiscussGrice"sconceptofconventionalimplicatureandrelevancetheory"sresponsetothatconcept.IntroductionTheideaofimplicatureisatheoreticalconstructthatwasfirstintroducedbyGriceintheWilliamJamesLecturesmorethanthirtyyearsago(Grice,1989)•AndGriceusedthisideatodealw

2、iththeexamplesincommunicationwherewhataspeakermeansgoesbeyondthemeaningliterallyexpressedbytheparticularuttcraneo.Grice"sconceptofconventionalimplicatureandrelevancetheory'sresponsetothatconceptMostofthebodyofGrice(1975)consistsintheattempttoclarifytheintuitivedifferencebetwe

3、enwhatisexpressedliterallyinthesentenceandwhatismerelysuggestedorhintedatbytheutteranceofthesamestringofwords.Todistinguishthelattorfromtheformer,Grice(1978)usestheneologismsimplicateandimplicature,andhereferstothelinguisticallycodedpartofutterancecontentasWHATTSSAID・Thesumof

4、whatissaidinthesentenceandwhatisimplicatedinanutteranceofthesamesentenceiscalledtheTOTALSIGNIFICATIONOFANUTTERANCE(Grice1989:41).Implicalureitselfismeanttocoveranilmberofwaysinthatliterallyunsaidinformationcanbeconveyed.Forinstance,ifIamwithafriendwhoiseatinganicecreamandIask

5、somethinglike,"Whatflavourisit?”andmyfriendmightoffermeabiteofhericecream.Byofferingsomeoftheicecreamtome,myfriendhasshownthatshethinksIwasimplyingthatIwanttotasteit.ThiskindofimplicationwastermedanimplicaturebyGrice.HoweverGriceiscreditedwithintroducingtheconceptofimplicatur

6、e,ithasbeenpointedoutthatGricedidnutactuallydefinewhattheimplicatureingeneralis(Saul2002).Implicaturewasdefinednegativelyaswhatiscommunicatedless*whatisssicT(Sadock1978).Implicaturewascharacterisedsimplyaswhateveriscommunicatedthatisnotpartofwhatissaidbythespeaker.Theonlyposi

7、tivecharacterisationofimplicaturebyGricewashisindicationwhichitisrelatedtothetermsimply,suggestandmean(Grice1989)-TheissuefortheGriceandefinitionoftheimplicatureisthatitencompassesfartoo1argeanddiversearangeofphenomena.Tfsomethingisnotsaid,thenitconstitutespragmaticinputintow

8、hatiscommunicated・Itmeansthatimplicatureisultimatelyequatedwiththepr