英语论文范例2

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1、Explainanddiscussrelevancetheory^contentionthatGrice^sgeneralizedconversationalimplicaturesshouldbere-analyzedasexplicaturesIntroductionTheconceptofimplicaturewasfirstintroducedbyGrice,whodefinedimplicatureessentiallyaswhatiscommunicatedlesswhatissaid.Andthisdefinitioncon

2、tributedinparttotheproliferationofalotofdifferentspeciesofimplicaturebyneo-Griceans.Therelevancetheoristshaverespondedtothisbyproposingashiftbacktothedistinctionbetweentheexplicitandimplicitmeaning.Buttheyappeartohavepareddowntheconceptofimplicaturetoomuch,andignorephenom

3、enathatmaybebettertreatedasimplicaturesintheirover-generalisationoftheideaofexplicature.Theseproblemshavetheirrootsinthefactthatexplicitandimplicitmeaningintuitivelyoverlap,andsodorftprovideasuitablebasisfordistinguishingimplicaturefromothertypesofpragmaticphenomena.Theal

4、ternativeconceptualisationofimplicaturebasedontheconceptofimplyingwiththatGriceoriginallyassociatedhisnotionofimplicatureisthusproposed.Fromthisdefinitionitemergesthatimplicatureconstitutessomethingelseinferredbytheaddresseewhichisnotliterallysaidbythespeaker.Instead,itis

5、meantinadditiontowhattheliterallyspeakersays,andconsequently,itisdefeasiblelikeallothertypesofpragmaticphenomena.Relevancetheory^scontentionSperberandWilson(1995:182)introducedtheconceptofexplicature,whichwastocomplementtheGriceanconceptofimplicature,tryingtoshowthatpragm

6、aticinferencescontributetowhatisimpliedandwhatisexplicitlycommunicated.Theydefinedtheexplicatureasan"explicit"assumptioncommunicatedbyanutterancethatisadevelopmentofalogicalformencodedbytheutterance.Carstonhasdonemuchoftheworkintherelevancetheoryonexplicitandimplicitmeani

7、ng(1988),andhasexpandeduponthisdefinitionofexplicatureinthefollowingmanner:“•••apropositionalformcommunicatedbyanutterancewhichispragmaticallyconstructedonthebasisofthepropositionalschemaortemplate(logicalform)thattheutteranceencodes;itscontentisanamalgamoflinguisticallyd

8、ecodedmaterialandpragmaticallyinferredmaterial../5(Carston2000:10).Pragmaticprocessesinvolvedind