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1、英语论文范例DiscusstheGriceanaccountofthesemanticsandpragmaticsofconjunctiveutterancesIntroductionSemanticsstudiesthemeaninganditisconcernedwiththeliteralmeaningofwordsandsentences.Semanticsfocusesontherelationshipbetweensignifiers,suchaswords,phrases,symbolsandsigns,andwhatthey
2、standfor.Whilethetransmissionofmeaningdoesn，tonlydopendonthelinguisticknowledge(e.g.lexicon,grammaretc.)ofthelistenerandspeakerbutalsodependonthecontextoftheutteranee,theinferredintentofthespeaker,knowledgeaboutthestatusofthoseinvolved,andsoon.(Shaozhong,Liu,2009)Pragmatic
3、sisthestudyofthecontributi()nsofcontexttomeaning,anditencompassesconversationalimplicature,speechacttheory,talkininteractionandotherapproachestolanguagebehaviorinsociology,philosophy,andlinguistics.(Mey,JacobL,1993)ThesemanticsandpragmaticsofconjunctiveutterancesGeneral1ym
4、anysemantictheories(Russel11905,Frege1892,Davidson1967,Kaplan1977/89,SegalandLarson1995)concerntruthconditions(Carston,1999).Grice，s(1967)influentialconceptsshowedinadditiontowhataspeakersays,thatisbothlargelyconventionalandthecontentonthebasisofwhichherutterancewillbejudg
5、edtrueorfalse,andaspeakermayalsoconveyimplicatureswhichdon，taffectthetruth-valueofwhatshesays;sotheseconversationalimplicaturesarecalculatedbyassumingspeakersarebeingcooperativeandadheringtothecertainexpectedstandardsofinformativeness,truthfulness,relevance,andmannerofexpr
6、ession(Grice,1975).Thatsuggestsanaturalwayofdrawingthesemantics-pragmaticsdistinctionthatissemanticswi11correspondtothetruth-conditiormlcontentofthcutterance,andthepragmaticstotheconveyedmeaningwhichfallsoutsidethetruth-conditionalcontent.Sosemanticcontentcouldbeequatedwit
7、hGrice"swhatissaid,andithastwofeatures.Firstlyitisthetruth-conditionalcontentoftheutterance,andsecondlyitisdeterminedalmostentirelybytheencoded,conventiormlmeaningofthelinguisticexpressionsused・AndasGriceacknowledged,thetruth-conditionalcontentisn'tcompletelyfreeofcontextu
8、alinput,andinsomebriefcommentsontheutteranceof“Heisinthegripofavice",onesays,“forafullide
