统计分析和prism软件使用201512.ppt

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1、统计基础和prism软件使用仝鑫魏健2015-12目录线性回归和prism软件应用t检验、F检验（方差分析）和prism软件应用假设检验（参数检验和非参数检验）统计学基础知识TheGaussianDistributionTheGaussianfunctiondescribingthisshapeisdefinedasfollows:wheremrepresentsthepopulationmeanandsthestandarddeviation.Fewbiologicaldistributions,ifany,reallyfollowtheG

2、aussiandistribution一、统计学基础知识TheCentralLimitTheoremIfyoursamplesarelargeenough,thedistributionofmeanswillfollowaGaussiandistributionevenifthepopulationisnotGaussian.N=10orsoisgenerallyenough一、统计量（DescriptiveStatistics：columnstatisticsinprism）MeasuresofLocationAtypicalorcentr

3、alvaluethatbestdescribesthedata（centraltendency）.Mean（平均值）Median（中数）Mode(众数）Geometricmean(几何均数)MeasuresofDispersionDescribespread(variation)ofthedataaroundthatcentralvalue.Range（范围）Variance（方差）StandardDeviation（标准偏差）StandardError（样本间标准误=SD/n½Coefficientofvariation（变异系数）Conf

4、idenceInterval（置信区间）Nosingleparametercanfullydescribedistributionofdatainthesample.Moststatisticssoftwarewillprovideacomprehensivetabledescribingthedistribution.MeasuresofLocation:MeanMeanMorecommonlyreferredtoas“theaverage”.Itisthesumofthedatapointsdividedbythenumberofdata

5、points.MigrationAssayCell#Distancetravelled(Microns)14922731324245786807628399200M=76.78microns=77micronsMeasuresofDispersion:VarianceVarianceDefinedastheaverageofthesquaredistanceofeachvaluefromthemean.Tocalculatevariance,itisfirstnecessarytocalculatethemeanscorethenmeasur

6、etheamountthateachscoredeviatesfromthemean.Theformulaforcalculatingvarianceis:MeasuresofDispersion:StandardDeviationStandardDeviationThemostcommonandusefulmeasureofdispersion.Tellsyouhowtightlyeachsampleisclusteredaroundthemean.Whenthesamplesaretightlybunchedtogether,theGa

7、ussiancurveisnarrowandthestandarddeviationissmall.Whenthesamplesarespreadapart,theGaussiancurveisflatandthestandarddeviationislarge.Theformulatocalculatestandarddeviationis:SD=squarerootofthevariance.标准偏差（SD）和标准误（SEM）Standarddeviationreferstotheamountyouexpectanindividualme

8、asurementtovaryfromtheaverage.标准差（standarddeviation）衡量的是样本值对样本平均值的离散程度，反应个体间变异的大小，