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1、Unit1GeoffreyChaucer(1343-1400)GeoffreyChaucer,the“fatherofEnglishpoetry”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEngland,wasborninLondoninorabouttheyear1340.Thepoetdiedonthe25thofOctoberin1400,andwasburiedinWestminsterAbbey.Chaucer’sLifeHisfatherwasaprosperouswinemerchant.Heissaidtohav
2、estudiedatOxfordandCambridge.Heledabusyofficiallife.In1357hewasapageinthehouseholdofPrinceLionel,laterdukeofClarence,whomheservedformanyyears.Thushecametorubelbowswiththecourtandnobility.In1359–60hewaswiththearmyofEdwardIIIinFrance,wherehewascapturedbytheFrenchbutransomed.By1366he
3、hadmarriedPhilippaRoet,whowasalady-in-waitingtoEdwardIII'squeen.Duringtheyears1370to1378,ChaucerwasfrequentlyemployedondiplomaticmissionstotheContinent,visitingItalyin1372–73andin1378.From1374onheheldanumberofofficialpositions,amongthemcomptrollerofcustomsfortheportofLondon(1374–8
4、6)andclerkoftheking'sworks(1389–91),andthenewkingHenryIVgrantedhimapension.TheofficialdateofChaucer'sdeathisOct.25,1400.HewasburiedinWestminsterAbbey.Chaucer’sLiteraryCareerTheperiodofFrenchinfluence(1359-1372):TheBookoftheDuchess,TheRomanceoftheRoseThePeriodofItalianinfluence(137
5、2-1386):TheHouseofFame,TroilusandCriseyde,TheLegendofGoodWomenThePeriodofhismaturity(1386-1400):TheCanterburyTalesContributionsFatherofEnglishpoetryChaucer,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegal
6、leryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflifeinhismasterpieceTheCanterburyTales.Chaucerdevelopscharacterizationtoahigherartisticlevel,i.e.characterswhoaremorallyandsociallytypicalbutexquisitelyindividualandrealisticindetail.ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoEngl
7、ishpoetrytoreplacetheOldEnglishalliterativeverse.ChaucerusedforthefirsttimeinEnglishtherhymedcoupletofiambicpentameterwhichistobecalledlaterastheheroiccouplet.ChaucergreatlyincreasedtheprestigeofEnglishasaliterarylanguageandextendedtherangeofitspoeticvocabularyandmeters.Heisconsid
8、eredasagreatmasteroftheEnglishlan
