英汉语音对比.ppt

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1、Part1英汉语音对比汉英语音对比从语音学和音系学角度考察汉英语语音系统中的共性和特性:第一节，汉英语音系统的基本特征；第二节，汉英语音位系统的对比；第三节，汉英语超音段音位系统的对比；第四节，汉英语的节奏韵律对比。一、汉英语语音系统的基本特征语音学：phonetics(theinventoryofsoundsinlanguageingeneral,howtheyareproducedandperceived)语音的物理属性、人类的发音方法以及语音感知的生理过程等，注重的是全人类语音的共性。音系学：phonology(howsou

2、ndsareorganizedinaparticularlanguage)一种语言有多少个不同的音，这些音彼此之间有什么区别和关系，注重的是语音的个性。语音学层面(phonetics)：Theproductionofanyspeechsoundinvolvestheprojectionoftheairstreamfromthelungsthroughthemouthand/orthenose.Initspassage,theairstreamisshapedinvariouswaysbytongueandjawmovements.

3、Itmaybemomentarilyinterruptedornotinterruptedatall.Itmaybemadetovibratealotoralittlebythevocalcords.汉语：声母（21）、韵母（39）、声调（5）英语：辅音（28）、元音（20）英汉辅音发音对比（Articulatoryfeaturesofconsonants）汉语：声母21个vs.英语：辅音28个toclassifyconsonantsaccordingtoplaceofarticulationandmannerofarticula

4、tion唇音(labials):p,b,m唇齿音(labio-dentals):f,v齿间音(inter-dental):th齿龈音(alveolars):t,d,s,z腭音(Palatals):sh,ch舌根音(velars):k,g,ng……英汉辅音发音对比1.WhenpronouncedisolatedlytheChineseconsonantsarecombinedwithvowelswhiletheEnglishonesarenot:b-o玻p-o坡m-o磨f-o佛d-e得t-e特n-e讷l-e勒g-e格k-e克h-e喝

5、j-i机q-i其x-i西2.Thedifferencesbetweenlabials:Almostnaught英汉辅音发音对比3.Thedifferencesbetweenthelabio-dentals:/f/(Chinese)—theteethrightonthetopofthelowerlip/f/(English)—theteethontheinnersideofthelowerlip/v/--nosuchavoicedconsonantinChinese4.Thedifferencesbetweentheinterden

6、tals（齿间音）:/θ/and/ð/--nosuchsoundsinChinese英汉辅音发音对比5.Thedifferencesbetweenalveolars（齿龈音）:/s/-TheChinese/s/canmakeasyllable:思，四/z/-Thereisno/z/inChineseasafrictivebutanaffrictivethatsoundssomewhatliketheEnglishconsonantcluster/dz/:资，自/c/-Thereisno/c/inEnglish,whichsound

7、sliketheEnglishconsonantcluster/ts/:次，此英汉辅音发音对比6.Thedifferencesbetweenpalatals（腭音）/ʃ/(sh)--Bothlanguageshave/ʃ/(sh)butthepositionsaredifferent;/r//ʒ/--TheChinese/r/soundliketheEnglish/ʒ/,whiletheEnglish/r/isproducedasaliquid流音.英汉辅音发音对比7.Thedifferencesbetweenvelars（舌根音

8、）/h/--Thereisapalatal/h/inChinese(喝，河，和),whiletheEnglish/h/isaglotal(hot,hard);/tʃ//dʒ/--Bothlanguageshave/tʃ/(ch)and/dʒ/(zh