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《Total Physical Response_全身反应教学法.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、TotalPhysicalResponsebyZhangWenjingBackgroundAdvantagesandDisadvantagesApproachApproachRelatedThesis123456ContentDesignProcedure1.BackgroundDefinitionTotalPhysicalResponse(TPR)isalanguageteachingmethodbuiltaroundthecoordinationofspeechandaction;itattemptstoteachlan
2、guagethroughphysical(motor)activity.TPRwasdevelopedbyJamesAsher,aprofessorofpsychologyatSanJoseStateUniversity,California,itdrawsonseveraltraditions,includingdevelopmentalpsychology,learningtheory,humanisticpedagogy,andlanguageteachingprocedures.Inadevelopmentalsen
3、se,Asherseessuccessfuladultsecondlanguagelearningasparallelprocesstochildfirstlanguageacquisition.Heclaimsthatspeechdirectedtoyoungchildrenconsistsprimarilyofcommands,whichchildrenrespondtophysicallybeforetheybegintoproduceverbalresponses.1.BackgroundAsherfeelsthat
4、adultsshouldrecapitulate(总结)theprocessesbywhichchildrenacquiretheirnativelanguage.Ashershareswiththeschoolofhumanisticpsychology(人本主义心理学）aconcernfortheroleofaffective(emotional)factorsinlanguagelearning.Amethodthatisundemandingintermsoflinguisticproductionandthatin
5、volvesgamelikemovementsreduceslearnerstress,hebelieves,andcreatesapositivemoodinthelearner,whichfacilitateslearning.1.Background2.ApproachCONTENTSTheoryoflanguageTheoryoflearningApproachTPRreflectsagrammar-basedviewoflanguage.Asherstatesthat“mostofthegrammaticalstr
6、uctureofthetargetlanguageandhundredsofvocabularyitemscanbelearnedfromtheskillfuluseoftheimperative(祈使句)bytheinstructor”.Heviewstheverb,andparticularlytheverbintheimperative,asthecentrallinguisticmotifaroundwhichlanguageuseandlearningareorganized.2.1Theoryoflanguage
7、Stimulus-responseview:learningistheresultofaseriesofstimuliandresponses,childrenlearnlanguagethroughachainofstimulus-responsereinforcement,andadults'useoflanguageisalsoaprocessofstimulus-response."Trace-theory"ofmemoryinpsychology:themoreoftenorthemoreintensivelyam
8、emoryconnectionistraced,thestrongerthememoryassociationwillbeandthemorelikelyitwillberecalled.Retracingcanbedoneverballyand/orinassociationwithmo
