高级英语修辞Figures of speech.doc

高级英语修辞Figures of speech.doc

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1、Figuresofspeechareformsofexpressionthatdepartfromnormalwordorsentenceorderorfromthecommonliteralmeaningsofwords,forthepurposeofachievingaspecialeffect.Ineverydayspeechandwritingandinliteraturethechieffunctionsoffiguresofspeechareprobablytoembellish,toemphasizeortoclarify.Theyareusedtogivetone

2、oratmospheretodiscourse,toprovidevividexamples,tostimulatethoughtbystartlingthereaderorlistener,togivelifetoinanimateobjects,toamuse,ortoornament.Figuresofspeechexistinalmostendlessvarietyandmanyarecloselyrelatedorintricatelyoverlap,hencenocompletelysatisfactorysystemofclassificationhaseverbe

3、endevised.Thefollowingmaybeconsideredoneoftheserviceableclassificationsofthepresentday:1.Figuresofresemblanceorrelationship.Thesearethemostimportant,interesting,andfrequentfiguresofspeech.2.Figuresofemphasisorunderstatement.Thechieffunctionoftheseistodrawattentiontoanidea.3.Figuresofsound.4.V

4、erbalgamesandgymnastics.Someofthesearerareandminorfigures.1.Figuresofresemblanceorrelationship1)Simile:afigurethatinvolvesanexpressedcomparison,almostalwaysintroducedbytheword"like"or"as".Thetwothingscomparedmustbedissimilarandthebasisofresemblanceisusuallyanabstractquality.a)Ascoldwaterstoat

5、hirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcounty.(Proverb)b)Thewaterlaygrayandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.(NancyHale)c)Myverythoughtswereliketheghostlyrustleofdeadleaves.(JosephConrad)2)Metaphor:Thesubstitutionofonethingforanother,ortheidentificationoftwothingsfromdifferentrangesofthought.Itisoftenloos

6、elydefinedas“animpliedcomparison”,“asimilewithout‘like’or‘as’”.Metaphorisconsideredbymanythemostimportantandbasicpoeticfigureandalsothecommonestandthemostbeautiful.a)Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels.b)Thetownwasstormedafteralongsiege.c)Snowclothestheground.d)Heswam

7、bravelyagainstthetideofpopularapplause.句法、结构上看隐语:名词性、动词性、形容词性、副词性、介词性e.g.1.名词性Iamanalbumofsnapshots,random,awholeshowoftrailers剧照ofoldfilms.(表语)2.动词性shedidnotsomuchcookasassassinatefood.Itescapes/strikes/upsetsme.(物质过程代心理过程)Idon’tthinkI’mdist

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