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1、2010年第3期总第113期人文地理文章编号：1003-2398（2010）03-0090-06国外城市形态学研究及其启示张蕾（北京大学景观设计学研究院，北京100871）AREVIEWONURBANMORPHOLOGYSTUDIESOFTHEWESTERNCOUNTRIESANDITSENLIGHTENMENTZHANGLei(GraduateSchoolofLandscapeArchitecture,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China)Abstract:Thispapermakesar
2、eviewonurbanmorphologystudiesinwesternworld,andanalyzestheen-lightenmenttoChina.Thepaperdescribestheorigins,developmentandcharacteristicsofthethreemainschools:1)German-BritishSchool,originatedfromthelandscapeschoolofhumangeographyintheGer-man-speakingcountriesduring
3、the1900~1930s,isdevelopedgreatlyaftertheWorldWarIIinEnglandbyConzen.WhitehandcompiledConzen'sworksanddevelopedhisideas,thenformedtheUrbanMorphologyResearchGroupattheUniversityofBirmingham,whichbecameastrongcenterofurbanmorphologyre-searchnowadays.2)ItalianSchool,mak
4、ingareflectionofmodernistarchitecturein1950~1960s,hasitssem-inalinstigatorasMuratori,whodevelopedhisself-termed"operationalhistories"inthestudiesofVeniceandRome.Inrecentdecades,CaniggiaandCataldi,takingoverthemantleofMuratori,madeItalianSchoolalsobecomethemainstream
5、ofurbanmorphologystudies.Itischaracterizedastypology-morphologytraditionandputtheoryintodesignpractice.3)FrenchSchoolalsostemmedfromthecritiqueofmodernarchitectureinthelate1960s.ButwiththeinfluenceofboththeBritishandItalianschoolsandsomeothersubjects,suchassociology
6、andarthistory,FrenchSchoolismoreintegratedwithstudiesemergedfromarchitecture,urbanplanningandurbangeography.Afterthe1990s,threeschoolswerecomingtogether,leadingtosetuptheIn-ternationalSeminaronUrbanForm(ISUF)whichprovidesthebasisforaninterdisciplinaryfieldandtheop-p
7、ortunitytoestablishcommontheoreticalfoundationsfortheurbanmorphologistsallovertheworld.Accord-ingtotheISUF'sofficialpublicationUrbanMorphologyandliteraturebibliography,somediscussionsareof-feredintherecentworksinseveralcountries.Finally,regardingtheurbanformstudiesi
8、nChina,thispaperarguesthatmoreattentionispaidtothemacro-scalestudies.However,themediumandmicroscalestudiesofthebuiltfabricontheblockandlan
