免疫英文总结

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1、CHAPTER1INTRUDUCTIONA.Definitions•Immunity一Isthestateofprotectionagainstforeignorganismsorsubstances(antigens).•recognition•elimination•regulation•Immunology:isthestudyofimmunityandofthecellularandmoleculareventsthatensueafteranindividualencountersany

2、foreignsubstance・•MedicalImmunology:B・Compositionofimmunesystem•Cellsinvolvedintheimmuneresponse•Solublemediatorsofimmunity-Complement,cytokines,antibody•SpecializedorgansC・Mechanismsofftmclion•Innateimmunity(naturalornativeiminunity):一consistsofmecha

3、nismsthatexistpriortoinfection.-Constitutesafirstlineofdefense一Includescomponentsrecognizecertainclassesofpathogen•Adaptiveimmunity(specificoracquiredimmunity):一isstimulatedbyexposuretoforeignmicrobes-isexquisitelyspecificfordifferentmicrobes•Theantig

4、enreceptorsofBandTlymphocytesarediverse•Antigenselectionoflymphocytescausesclonalexpansiona.TheelementsoftheinnateandadaptiveimmunityNatureimmunityAdaptiveimmunityCellsPhagocytes(PMNsandmacrophages)NaturekillercellsMastercellsDendriticcellsTandBcellsM

5、oleculesCytokinesComplementAcutephaseproteinsCytokineAntibodiesb.ThedifferencesbetweenthetwotypesofimmunityTABLEl・3.ComparisonofinnateandadaptiveimmunityInnateAdaptiveResponsetimeHoursDaysSpecificityLimitedandfixedHighlydiverse;improvesduringthecourse

6、ofimmuneresponseResponsetorepeatinfectionIdenticaltoprimaryresponseMuchmorerapidthanprimaryresponseMajorcomponentsBarriers(e.g.,skin);phagocytes;patternrecognitionmoleculesLymphocytes;antigen・spwcifUreceptors;antibodiesc.Theinteractionbetweeninnateand

7、adaptiveimmunity一ActivationoftheinnateimmuneresponseproducesignalsthatstimulateasubsequentadaptiveimmuneresponseD・Funciionsofimmunesystem1.Immunedefense：一theresistancetopathogen(microbesandparasites)invasion.2.Immunologichomeostasis:一theabilitytoelimi

8、natesenescentordamagedcellofthebody.3.Immunologicsurveillance：一therecognitionandeliminationofmutantcellsandviius-infectedcellsImmunologicalfunctionManifestationImmunedefenseAnti-infectionImmunologichomeostasisInflammationcontrolandeliminationo