免疫学英文考点汇总

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1、IMMUNOLOGYGLOSSARY1、Innateimmuneresponse:thehostdefensemechanismsthatactfromthestartofaninfectionanddonotadapttoaparticularantigen.2、Aadaptiveimmuneresponse:theresponseofantigen-specificBandTlymphocytestoantigen,includingthedevelopmentofimmunologicalmemory.3、Accessoryeffecto

2、rcells:Inadaptiveimmunity,thosecellaidintheresponsebutdonotdirectlymediatespecificantigenrecognition.Theyincludephagocytes,mastcellsandNKcells.4、Allergy：isastateofhypersensitivitytoanormallyinnocuousenvironmentalantigen.Itresultsfromtheinteractionbetweentheantigenandantibodi

3、esorTcellproducedbyearlierexposuretothesameantigen.5、Antibody:Antibodyissolubleglycoproteinproducedbyplasmacellsinresponsetoantigenwhichbindswiththecorrespondingantigenspecifically.6、Anergy:Itisaimmunestateofnon-responsivenesstoantigen..WhenTandBcellareinthisstate,theycannot

4、respondtotheirspecificantigenunder.Usuallyduetolackofthesecondstimulatorduringcellactivation.7、Antigen-dependentcellularcytotoxicity(ADCC):Acytotoxicreactioninwhichanantibody-coatedtargetcellisdirectlykilledbyanFcreceptor-bearingleukocytes.8、Antigen:Anymoleculecapableofbeing

5、recognizedbyanantibodyorT-cellreceptor.Thisgroupofmoleculescanstimulateimmuneresponseandreactwiththeproductsofit.9、Apoptosis:Aformofcelldeathinwhichthecellactivatesaninternaldeathprogram.ItischaracterizedbynuclearDNAdegradationandcondensation.10、Hapten:Alowmolecularweightmol

6、eculethatisrecognizedbypreformedantibodybutisnotitselfimmunogenicunlessconjugatedtoa‘carrier’moleculewhichprovidesTcell-antigendeterminants.11、Superantigen:AnantigenthatstimulateasubsetofT-cellsbybindingtoMHCclassIImoleculesandVβdomainsofTcellreceptors,stimulatingtheactivati

7、onofT-cellexpressingparticularVβgenesegments.ThereforeitstimulatesamuchlargernumberofT-cellsthandoesconventionalantigen.12、Highendothelialvenule(HEV):Specializedendothelialcellthatallowsmigrationoflymphocytesintoperipherylymphoidorgans.13、Complement：Thecomplementisasetofplas

8、maproteinsthatactinanenzymaticcascades,producingeffectmoleculesinvolvedinin