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1、BritishHealthSystemMainPrinciple:"thereshouldbeafree,comprehensivehealthserviceforeveryoneaccordingtoneed,regardlessoftheirincome."OverviewOnemajorcomponentofthehealthandsocialwelfaresystemistheBritishhealthcaresystem.TheBritishhealthcaresystemiscalledtheNationalHea
2、lthService(NHS),whichisapubliclyfundedhealthcaresystem.TheNHSwasformedin1946andofficiallywentintoeffectin1948.Thissystemprovidescareintheareasofgeneralpractice,emergency,long-termcare,anddentistry.OnemajorcharacteristicoftheNHSisthatitactuallyemploysthephysiciansand
3、nursesandownsmostofthehospitalsandclinics.TheNHSalsopaysdirectlyforthehealthcareexpenseswithprescriptionsanddentistrybeingthetwoexceptions.IntotaltheNHShasayearlybudgetof?0billionandemployessover1millionpeoplemakingtheNHSoneofthetop5largestemployersoftheworld.TheNHS
4、isdividedinto3maincategories;primarycare,secondarycare,andtertiarycare.PrimaryCarePrimarycareincludesservicesrenderedbyfamilydoctors,dentists,opticians,pharmacists,midwives,speechtherapists,physiotherapists,chiropodists,dieticians,andcounsellors.Primarycareisthefirs
5、tstepindiagnosis,treatment,andprevantitivehealthandaccountsfor90%ofNHSservices.Prevantitivehealthisamajorcomponentofprimarycarewithemphasisonpreventingheartdisease,stroke,managingasthma,anddiabetes.OftenfamilydoctorsandnursesworktogethertoformaPrimaryCareGroupinacom
6、munity.SecondaryCareSecondarycareisthesecondlineofdefenseanddealswithmoreadvancedservicessuchaselderlycare,maternitycare,pathology,andradiology.Secondarycareisalsoresponsibleforemergencyservicesincludingemergencyroomsandambulanceservices.TertiaryCareTertiaryCareisth
7、elastlineofdefenseanddealswithhighlyspecializedareassuchasorgantransplants,andrarecancertreatment.Tertiarycareservicescoverabroadgeographicalareaandalsoincludeworldfamoushospitalsandresearchfacilities.TechnologyInrecentyearstherehasbeenalargepushtorenovatetheNHSusin
8、gInformationSystems.ThishasleadtotheNationalProgrammeforIT(NPfIT).Howeverthisprogramhasbeenunderheatforseverebudgetover-runs.Themainproble
