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1、脑卒中患者鼻饲管肺炎临床分析作者:李爱东张志刘洪涛黄宗青肖建伟曾丽吟【摘要】目的探讨脑卒中患者发生鼻饲管肺炎的临床特点、发生机制及预防方法。方法对我院住院的留置鼻饲管的脑卒中患者,采用回顾性研究的方法,分析患者在置管期间发生返流、呛咳、误吸、吸入性肺炎的情况。结果脑卒中患者发生鼻饲管肺炎,均有不同程度的返流、呛咳及误吸。临床表现主要为咳嗽、咯痰和发热。胸部X线检查表现为吸入部位的浸润影。鼻饲管肺炎患者与未发生鼻饲管肺炎的患者在年龄、置管时间、神经功能缺损评分等方面的差异有统计学意义(P<;o.05),两者在吞咽障碍、并发症方面差异有显著性(P<;0.01),而未发生鼻饲
2、管肺炎相应的并发症少。感染以革兰氏阴性菌居多,占72.7%。以铜绿假单胞菌最常见,其次为肺炎克雷伯菌。结论胃管鼻饲虽能解决进食问题,但患者仍会出现吸入性肺炎、胃食管返流、营养不良等并发症。要预防鼻饲管肺炎,除注意鼻饲管的护理外,还应加强口腔护理;治疗吞咽障碍及进行早期康复。如果4周后仍不能拔除鼻饲管,恢复不了正常的吞咽功能,就需胃造痿术。【关键词】脑卒中;鼻饲管肺炎【Abstract]ObjectiveToinvestigatetheclinicalfeatures,mechanismandpreventionofstrokepatientswithnosocomialpneu
3、monia.MethodsAretrospectivestudywasperformedonthestrokepatientswithnasalfeedingtubekeptinhospita1.Refluxing,chokingcough,aspiration,andaspirationpneumoniaduringnasalfeedingtube,wereallrecordedandcompared.ResultsThereweredifferentdegreesofreflux,chokingcoughandaspirationinstrokepatientswithno
4、socomialpneumonia.Themainclinicalfeaturesincludedcough,expectorationandfever.Chestx-rayexaminationrevealedinfiltrationsofthelungs・TopatientswithnosocomialpneumoniaandnoPneumoniapatientswithnasalfeedingtube,thedifferencewerestatisticallysignificantintheareaoftheage,tubetimeandneurologicaldefi
5、citscores(P<;0.05),andwasalsointheaspectofdysphagia,complications(P<;0・01).Gram-negativebacteriainfectioninthemajority,accountingfor72・7%.Pseudomonasaeruginosawasthemostcommon,followedbyKlebsiellapneumoniae・ConclusionAlthoughthenasalfeedingtubewasabletosolvetheproblemofeating,buttherewou
6、ldstillbeinpatientswithaspirationpneumonia,gastroesophagealreflux,malnutritionandothercomplications.Topreventnosocomialpneumonia,inadditiontotheattentionofthenasalfeedingtubecare,wemustalsostrengthenoralcare;Dysphagiatreatmentandearlyrehabilitation.Ifnotremovalofnasalfeedingtubeafter4weeks,u
7、nabletoresumenormalswallowingfunction,tobeonthegastrostomy.[Keywords】Stroke;Nosocomial;Pneumonia脑卒中发生后,若患者有明显的球麻痹,意识障碍者,不能喂食,应留置胃管给予鼻饲,防止误吸[门,鼻饲管虽能解决进食问题,但长期留置鼻饲管不仅可造成鼻、咽、食管黏膜溃疡及出血等并发症,而且会发生频繁的吸入和吸入性肺炎,称之为鼻饲管肺炎[2](nosocomialpneumonia),目前该问题已被更多的关注和