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1、唐氏综合征产前诊断研究进展覃婷(综述)施月秋(审校)作者单位:530021南宁广西壮族自治区人民医院产科作者简介:覃婷(1974—),女,大学本科,硕士学位,主治医师,研究方向:妇产科。E・mail:gxqinting@yahoo.com.cn摘要:我国每年约有3万唐氏综合征患儿出生,在各种出生缺陷中排笫三位,是最常见的染色体异常。为了减少唐氏综合征患儿的出生,近年绒毛,羊水,脐血介入性产前诊断广泛开展,使部分唐氏综合征得到产前诊断,并治疗性引产,减少了唐氏综合征患儿的出生,但侵入性手术操作的风险和漫长的等待结果的时间给孕妇造成了巨大的心
2、理压力。因此植入前产前诊断,分离孕妇外周血中胎儿有核红细胞,分离孕妇血浆中胎儿游离DNA,宫颈管内滋养细胞等新技术正在展开研究,C经成功地无创性获取胎儿细胞或D7A样本。荧光定量PCR,荧光原位杂交技术(FISH),引物原位标记技术(PRINS),微阵列一比较基因组杂交等分子生物学技术为快速,准确诊断唐氏综合征开辟了新前景。现就唐氏综合征产前诊断基础性研究及临床应用的进展情况作一综述。[关键词]:唐氏综合征产前诊断[中图分类号]R596.1[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1674-3806(2009)AreviewonPrenatalDiag
3、nosisofDownSyndromeQINTing(Summarize),SHIYue-qiu(Revise)・DepartmentofGynecology&ObstetricsofPeople'sHospitalofGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion,Nanning530021,China[Abstract]Everyyear,thereareabout30thousandbabiesbornwithDSinChina,whichranksthethirdamongallkindsofbirthdefects.
4、InordertoreducethebirthofbabieswithDS,theinterventionalprenataldiagnoses,suchaschorionicvillussampling,amniocentesisandcordocentesis,havebeenwidelycarriedoutinrecentyears,whichhasreducedthebirthofbabieswithDS.However,theriskofinvasiveoperationandthelongperiodofwaitingwill
5、causetheheavymentalpressureofpregnantwomen.Therefore,thestudyonaseriesofnewtechniqueshasbeendeveloped,includingpreimplantationgeneticdiagnosis,isolationoffetalnucleatedredbloodcellsfrommaternalperipheralblood,isolationofcell-freefetalDNAinmaternalplasma,endocervicalfetalt
6、rophoblast.ThefetalcellsorDNAsampleshavebeensuccessfullyobtainedwiththosenon-invasivemethods.Moreover,thetechniquesofmolecularbiologyhavebroughtnewprospectstotherapidandaccuratediagnosisofDS,includingfluorescencequantitativepolymerasechainreaction(PCR),fluorescenceinsituh
7、ybridization(FISH),primedinsitulabeling(PRINS)andarraycomparativegenomichybridization(Array-CGH).Inthispaper,weaimtomakeasummaryontheprogressofthebasicresearchandclinicalapplicationofprenataldiagnosisforDS.[KeyWords]DownSyndrome;PrenatalDiagnosis唐氏综合征是最常见的染色体异常。因患儿存活时间长,缺
8、乏生活自理能力,对家庭、社会造成了沉重的负担。现就唐氏综合征产前诊断基础性研究及临床应用的进展情况作一综述。1唐氏综合征产前诊断取材方法1.1绒毛活检术(CVS)胎盘绒毛和胎儿均起源于受精卵,