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1、直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法(宾语从句是间接引语)定义:直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。 例:Hesaid:"Itistoolate."间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。 例:Hesaiditwastoolate.直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题第一:人称的变化。主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整。例如:直接引语Shesaid:"Iamhungry."间接引语Shesaidshewashungry.直接引语Mumsaidtome:"Youmustcleanyourbedroombyy
2、ourself."间接引语MumtoldmethatIhadtocleanmybedroombymyself.第二:时态变化直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。注意:1.直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用一般现在时。例如:Teachertoldus:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth."Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时,间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如:Shesaid:"IwenttoEnglandin1998."Shesa
3、idshewenttoEnglandin1998.3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。Hesays:"Iboughtyouabookyesterday."Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.第三:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。1)时间状语: 直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语 now(then);tomorrow(thenext/followingday) today(thatday);nextweek(thenext/followingweek/month/year) yesterday(theda
4、ybefore)twodaysago(twodaysbefore) lastweek/month/year(theweek/month/yearbefore)thisweek/month/year(thatweek/month/year) 2)指示代词:these变成those 3)地点状语:here变成there Shesaid,“Iwon’tcomehereanymore.”——>Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore.. 4)动词:come变成go,bring变成take 当引语是谚语、格言时,如: Hesaid,“Pra
5、cticemakesperfect.”——>Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时,如: 例如: Thedoctorsaid,“You’dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”——> ThedoctorsaidI’dbetterdrinkplentyofwater. Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”——>Hesaidthatshemustbea
6、teacher. Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”——> Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen. Theteachersaid,“Youneedn’thandinyourcompositionstoday.”——> Theteachersaidweneedn’t/didn’tneedto/didn’thavetohandinourcompositions. Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”——>Sheaskedifshe
7、hadtotakethemedicine. 〔注〕:此处用hadto代替must更好转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。如: Teacher:Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon. Student:Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor? Monitor:Hesaidwemighthavethe