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1、直接引语和间接引语的用法直接引用别人的原话叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语要加引号。间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语时,句中的人称、动词时态、指示代词、某些状语等都要视说话的实际情况作相应的变化。例如:Shesaid,“Iwillcomethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgothatevening.Shesaid,“Whereareyougoing?”SheaskedmewhereIwasgoing.陈述句变为间接引语时应注意的几个问题若直接引语是陈述句,其变间接引语时,应把直接引语变成
2、由that引导的宾语从句。从句之前常用say、tell等动词。除了人称上相应变化外,还应注意如下几点。1)主句中的动词时态如果是过去时态,直接引语中的谓语动词时态要做如下变化:直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时例如:Hesaid,“Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告诉我他把书丢在我房间里了。Hesaid,“Iambusy.”Hesaidthathewasbus
3、y.他说他很忙。Bettysaid,“I'llbewaitingforyourcall.”Bettysaidthatshewouldbewaitingformycall.贝蒡说她将等候我的电话。2)在下列情况下,变间接引语时,时态不发生如上相应变化:①直接引语中,如果表示过去的时间状语用来表示事态发生或存在的具体时间,变间接引语时,其谓语动词仍用一般过去时;例如:MrBrownsaid,“IflewtoLondonin1981.”MrBrownsaidthatheflewtoLondonin1981.②直接引语中的过去完成(进行)时,在间接引语中时态不变;
4、例如:Hesaid,“Mybrotherhadbeenaworkerfortwoyearsbeforehecamehere.”Hesaidthathisbrotherhadbeenaworkerfortwoyearsbeforehecamehere③间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时仍继续进行或存在时,其时态不变;例如:“Iamforty.”hesaid.Hesaidthatheisforty.④转述习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理时,其时态不变;例如:Hesaid,“ChinaisinAsia.”HesaidthatChinaisinAsia.⑤引述动
5、词为现在时,间接引语中的动词可保持原来时态;例如:Hesays,“Ihaveacceptedherinvitation.”Hesaysthathehasacceptedherinvitation.⑥如果直接引语用虚拟语气,变间接引语时,仍用原来的动词形式;例如:“Iinsistthatyougiveupsmoking,”saidthedoctor.Thedoctorinsistedthathegiveupsmoking.⑦如果直接引语中有无过去时形式的情态动词,如must,oughtto等,变间接引语时,可用原来形式,也可用其他形式;例如:Hesaid,“
6、Allmenmustdie.”Hesaidthatallmenmustdie.(表示必然)Hesaid,“Youmustbefondofmusic.”HesaidthatImustbefondofmusic.(表示推测)⑧如果直接引语是以wouldlike作谓语的特殊疑问句,间接引语中wouldlike不变;如果直接引语是一般疑问句,like之后接动名词或名词作宾语,间接引语中wouldlike也不变;例如:Heasked,“Whatelsewouldyoulike?”HeaskedwhatelseIwouldlike.Hesaid,“Wouldyouli
7、keacupoftea?”HeaskedifIwouldlikeacupoftea.⑨时间状语从句中的一般过去时或过去进行时,在间接引语中保持不变;例如:Johnsaid,“WhenIlivedinNewYork,IoftensawJane.”JohnsaidwhenhelivedinNewYorkheoftensaw(hadoftenseen)Jane.3)直接引语变间接引语时,有关的指示代词、地点及时间状语也作如下相应改变:直接引语间接引语ThisthatThesethoseagobeforenowthentodaythatdaytonightthat
8、nightthisweek(month…)thatweek(mon