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1、剑桥商务英语高级模拟5READINGPARTONE•LookatthestatementsbelowandatthefiveextractsfromanarticleaboutSwindlinginInternationalTrade・•Whicharticle(A,B,C，DorE.doeseachstatement1—8referto?•Foreachstatement1—&markoneletter(A,B，C，DorE.onyourAnswerSheet.•Youwillneedtousesome
2、oftheselettersmorethanonce・AAccordingtothestatisticsoftheOrganizationofTradeandDevelopmentoftheUnitedNations,thereareseveralswindlingactseachmonthandswindlingcausesalossofuptobillionsofUSdollarsannually.In1959,theswindleofCoffeeinCostaRicaparalyzedthecoun
3、try1seconomyforacertainperiodoftime.Attheurgentrequestoftheinternationalbusinesscommunity,theOrganizationofTradeandDevelopmentoftheUnitedNationsheldtwospecialmeetingsin1984and1985inGenevatodealwiththeproblem,butnoagreementwerereached.BGenerallyspeaking,th
4、ereislittleopportunityfortheswindlerstotakeadvantageinthetradingofcompletesetsofequipmentortransferoftechnology,whilecommoditytransactionsaremostvulnerabletoswindling.Aslongassuchcommoditiesassteel,cement,fertilizerandchemicalsareidenticalinspecification,
5、modelzpattern,orchemicalcomposition,aslongasthepriceisfavorableanddeliveryisprompt,thebuyerseldomsendsanymissionabroadtoinspectthegoods.Swindlersoftentakeadvantageofthesefactorsandresellthegoodstomakeprofits.cSwindlerscanalso,bytakingadvantageofnaturalcal
6、amitiessuchasstormandsubmergedreefs,forgeandreportedseaaccidents.Then,theyremoveandresellthegoodsforhugeprofits.Sincethecargoisnotreceived,thebuyerclaimsagainstinsurancecompany.Therefore,thefinalvictimizedistheinsurancecompany.Generallyspeaking,thecarrier
7、,captainandseamancollaboratewithoneanothertocommitthiskindofeconomiccrime•Afterwards,theyselltheshipandthegoodsandabscond.Ifgoodsarecarriedontheship,theinsuranceisoneofthevictimsinthiscase.DThecriminalssometimesswindlemoneyfromthebuyerbyforgingcommerciald
8、ocuments.Uponpresentationofthebilloflading,thebuyercannotgetthegoodsafterhehaspaidaccordingtothecontract.Thesellercansometimeslosemoneyinacontractthatstipulatespaymentafterthearrivalofgoodsorbybankcollection.Inmostc
